1. Early Man
Geography
- The impact of geography on huntergatherer societies.
Essential Knowledge:
1. Human ancestors walked upright in
___________________ about 3-4
million years ago.
2. ___________________ emerged in
Africa between 100,000-400,000 years
ago.
3. Homo sapiens ____________ from
Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the
Americas.
4. Early humans adapted to their
environment by devising new clothing
and shaping simple tools for
____________________.
Hunter-Gatherers
- Characteristics of hunter-gatherer
societies.
New Stone Age
- ______________ animals
- Weaving
- Settled farming/ seed culture
- Advanced Tools
- Pottery
Archeology
- How archeological discoveries are
changing our knowledge of early people.
Essential Knowledge:
1. ______________ study past cultures by
locating and analyzing human remains,
___________, and _____________.
2. Archeologists apply scientists tests such
as _____________ to analyze fossils and
artifacts.
I wish my
brother
George
was here.
Essential Knowledge:
1. ______________ peoples followed herds
of animals and/ or migrated in search of
water, food, and shelter.
2. Hunter-gatherers lived in ______
searching for seeds, nuts, and meat.
3. Early humans developed oral
______________.
Old Stone Age and New Stone Age
- tool making and the use of fire
- technological and social advancement that
gave rise to stable communities.
Essential Knowledge:
1. Early humans invented _______ and
mastered the use of______ to control
aspects of their environment.
Old Stone Age
Oral language
- Clothing
- _________
- Use of fire
- Simple weapons
Word Bank:
language
cave art
carbon dating
domesticated
Eastern Africa
hunting and gathering
migrated
artifacts
nomadic
archeologists
fossils
Homo sapiens
Eastern Africa
Clans
tools
fire
2. River Valley Civilizations
Historical Skills:
-Location in time and place
Essential Knowledge:
1. Location of ancient civilizations between
5000-1500 BC
a. _______ was located in Africa
on a narrow strip of land along
the Nile River.
b. _______________ was located
between the ________ and the
______________ Rivers.
c. India was located in South Asia
along the _________ and
Ganges Rivers.
d. China was located on the
_______________ River in
Northern China.
2. Importance of Location:
a. Each civilization was surrounded
by physical features that provided
natural __________ against
migratory peoples.
b. _____ were rich for farming.
c. Water was available for
__________.
3. ____________________, located along
the Mediterranean Coast connecting
Mesopotamia and Nile regions, was
settled between 2000-1000 BC
a. ___________ settled in
Palestine.
b. ______________ settled the
coast.
c. ___________ dominated the
Plateau of Iran around 500 BC.
Features of River Valley Civilizations
- The development of social, political, and
economic progress.
- The development of religious traditions
- The development of language and writing
1. _____________: settled farming resulted
form domesticating animals and plants,
irrigation, and seed cultivation.
2. Economy: ________ food promoted trade
along rivers and on seas (Phoenicians), storage
of food, accounting systems, and city
development. Government controlled
economic life.
3. Government: Centralized government is
often related to religion. Written codes and
laws provided justice (Ten Commandments--_______________________).
4. Religion: Ancient peoples practiced
_____________ except for the Hebrews,
who practiced monotheism.
5. Language: Written language
(_____________, _____________)
developed from pictures. Later, the
Phoenicians developed the
________________.
6. ________________: Ancient river
civilizations worked copper metals, developed
chariots for warfare, and used plows.
7. Mathematics: Ancient civilizations
developed mathematics for ____________.
Word Bank:
Code of Hammurabi - Irrigation Euphrates - Indus – Egypt – alphabet Tigris – defense - Agriculture - Hebrews
- Huang Ho – hieroglyphics Mesopotamia – Persians - soils – Fertile
Crescent – Phoenicians – Surplus –
polytheism – cuneiform – Technology building
3. Ancient Greece
Geography
- The influence of geography on Greek economic,
social, and political development.
Essential Knowledge:
-
-
-
-
Greek Commerce
- The impact of Greek commerce and colonies on
the Mediterranean region.
Essential Knowledge:
-
Ancient Greece was located on a
______________ between the Aegean and
____________________Seas, within easy sailing
distance of the Fertile Crescent and Egypt. This
location promoted contacts for trade and ideas
(_________________)
-
Mountainous terrain resulted inn isolated
development of ______________ rather than a
central government, poor farmland that pushed
people to colonize land outside Greece, and
dependence on trade.
-
Good ___________ supported merchants and
traders whose contacts brought cultural changes
and technology.
Mild _________ promoted public life outdoors,
where people knew each other and discussed
issues and news, resulting in an increase in civic
life.
Greek Mythology and Religion
Essential Knowledge:
______________: a rich collection of stories/myths
about Greek gods/goddesses explaining the mysteries
of nature and human life.
_______________: Representations of essential
human qualities that have continued as symbols and
images in modern Western literature and art.
Religion: ____________---many Gods including
Zeus, Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite; gods considered a
part of public life.
Word Bank:
Climate – citizens - Peninsula – citizenship - colonies - city
states – mythology - Mediterranean - cultural diffusion –
harbors – polytheism - Greek Gods – olive – barter –
money –polis –slaves - Athens
-
Greek ____________ were established to ease
overcrowding in mainland Greece.
Wine and _______ products were exchanged for
grain to support home cities.
Commercial expansion brought farmers from
villages to the cities as skilled craftsman.
Greek merchants traded throughout the
Mediterranean area replacing ___________ with a
_________ economy.
Trade advanced Greek culture and influence in the
Mediterranean region.
Citizenship and the Democracy
- The social significance of citizenship, and the
development of democracy in the city-state of
Athens.
Essential Knowledge:
The _______ (city-state), center of Greek identity,
commanded intense loyalty---a citizen was first a
member of the polis. There were three groups of
inhabitants:
1. ___________: adult males who typically
operated businesses in the agora (market
place)
2. Free People: no political rights---women
who cared for the household.
3. Non-citizens: __________ had no
rights.
A. ____________ was based on the
belief that human beings are
rational individuals.
B. Civic decisions were made in
open debate. Men were expected
to participate in public life.
C. __________ was the primary
city-state in Greece after 750 BC,
and its government passed
through 4 distinct stages:
1. ___________: rule by one person
inheriting power by family succession.
2. Aristocracy: Rule by a small group of
_________.
3. __________: Rule by one person, the
tyrant, who seized power.
4. ___________: rule by an assembly in
which citizens could vote.
-
Athens, under Pericles, created the Delian League,
an alliance of Greek city states, as a defense
against external enemies.
Greek Contributions
*The struggle for power was often influenced by the
plight of farmers.
-The contributions of Greek Philosophers (including
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle), playwrights, poets,
historians, sculptors, architects, scientists, and
mathematicians.
-
Essential Knowledge
Two aristocrats worked for reforms that led to
democracy:
1. ________: created written laws with
severe punishments.
2. ________: improved the legal system and
expanded participation in the Assembly.
Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian Wars
Essential Knowledge
-
Persian wars united the Greeks against an external
enemy. Victories at __________ and Salamis left
Greeks in control of the _________ area.
-Contributions of the Ancient Greeks:
1. Philosophy: ___________, Plato,
_____________
2. Drama: Aeschylus, Euripides
3. Poetry: ____________
4. History: Herodotus
5. Architecture: Parthenon and Columns
a. _________
b. __________
c. ___________
6. Science: Archimedes, _________________
(medicine)
7. Mathematics: Euclid (Geometry),
________________
-Causes of the Peloponnesian War
1. Athenian dominance of Greek city-states
in the ________________.
2. Sparta’s competition with ____________
for control.
-Effects of the Peloponnesian War
1. ________________ Period ended
2. Greece left vulnerable to invasion
3. Cultural development arrested/stopped
Golden Age of Pericles
Essential Knowledge
-
_____________developed a democracy where all
adult male citizens had an equal voice in
government.
-
Pericles rebuilt Athens after its destruction in the
Persian Wars---the _______________ is an
example of this reconstruction.
Word Bank:
Aegean Sea – Socrates – Doric - Pericles Tyranny – Pythagoras - democracy – Draco Monarchy – Athens - Solon – Hippocrates Hellenistic - nobles – Marathon – Delian
League – Ionian - Parthenon - Aristotle –
Homer - Corinthian
Alexander the Great
- The conquest of Greece by ______________,
and the spread of Hellenistic culture by Alexander
the Great.
Essential Knowledge
-
Phillip II of Macedonia conquered most of
Greece, and his son, _____________
____________, conquered the Persian Empire,
extending his influence from Macedonia/Greece
to the Indus River Valley.
-
Alexander carried Greek (____________) culture
to conquered territories.
1. Conquered people ___________ Greek
culture with their own.
2. __________ was spoken by leaders
throughout Mesopotamia and Egypt.
3. The Hellenistic Age lasted until the rise of
the _____________.
Word Bank:
Roman Empire
Alexander the Great
Macedonia
Greek
combined
Hellenistic
4. Ancient Rome
Geography
-
The influence of geography on Roman economic,
social, and political development.
Essential Knowledge:
-
Location on the Italian _____________created a
natural crossroads for trade, cultural exchange,
and conquest in the
_____________________basin.
-
The ______ provided Italy protection from
invading forces, as did the peninsula.
Mythology and Religion
Essential Knowledge:
Social classes in the Roman Republic
 _________: nobility (few in number)
 _________: majority of population consisting
of landowners, townspeople, merchants, and
small farmers.
 _______: people forced into servant classes
by conquest Citizenship was held by all
patricians and plebeians and extended to a few
aliens as a privilege. All citizens could be vote
but had the responsibility to pay taxes and
serve in military.
Two ________ were elected by the Assembly to serve
Rome for one year. They could veto decisions made
by the Assembly.
Essential Knowledge:
Representation: Patricians served in the Senate and
Assembly. Plebeians served as__________, later
gaining right to make the laws of Rome. The laws of
Rome were codified as the Twelve Tables.
-
Roman Domination of Mediterranean Basin
-
-
-
Roman mythology and religion
Roman mythology was based on a
____________religion that was integral to
Ancient Rome’s culture, politics, and art.
Many realized images, literary and political
symbols, and political vocabulary in modern
Western culture are derived from Ancient Roman
mythology.
Social and Political Structure
The social structure, significance of citizenship,
and the development of democratic features on
the government of the Roman Republic.
Roman military domination of the Mediterranean
basin and Western Europe and the spread of
Roman culture in these areas.
Essential Knowledge:
-
Three _____________ were fought between
Rome and Carthage with ____________ invading
Rome at one point. The wars led to development
of a powerful Roman navy and the destruction
of___________.
-
With the defeat of Carthage, Rome was
unchallenged in the Western Mediterranean Sea
leading to the conquest of Western Europe.
Roman gods and goddesses were based on
_____________________.
Roman gods and goddesses
 Jupiter
 Juno
 Neptune
 Apollo
 Mars
 Venus
-
-
-
Conquest of lands around the Eastern
Mediterranean spread __________culture,
expanded trade, changed the character of the
Roman army, and created great wealth.
Standard 8.4e,f
-
The roles of Julius and Augustus Caesar
and the impact of military conquests on
they army, economy, and social structure
of Rome.
Word Bank:
consuls - peninsula – Punic Wars - Greco-Roman - Mediterranean - Slaves – Alps – Plebian - polytheistic - Greek
mythology – Patrician – tribunes – Carthage -
-
The collapse of the Republic and the rise
of imperial monarchs.
Essential Knowledge
______ ______ led Rome in the conquest of
Gual and the British Isles. Civil war between Caesar
and the ______ made Julius Caesar dictator from life.
Causes for the decline of the Roman Republic
- Spread of slavery in the agricultural
system
- Migration of small farmers into cities and
unemployment
- Civil war over the power of Julius Caesar
- Devaluation of Roman currency;
_________
Augustus Caesar became the first _________
of Rome after he defeated _____ _______.
Reasons for the rise of Imperial Rome
- Civil war, giving rise to Augustus Caesar
- Failure to provide for the succession of
emperors.
Both Caesars enlarged the Roman Empire and
used ___ ____ as the basis for power.
Economic life in Rome remained prosperous
even though the emphasis of trade shifted to
Mediterranean basin. Inflation resulting from military
conquests and defense continued to plague the
economy.
Social life was disturbed by civil wars.
Standard 8.4g
- The economic, social, and political impact
of the Paz Romana.
Essential Knowledge
Economic impact of the Roman Empire
- Established uniform system of money,
enhancing trade
- Guaranteed safe travel and trade on
______ ______
- Promoted prosperity and stability
Social Impact
- Returned stability to social classes.
- Increased emphasis on the family
Political Impact
- Created a civil service
- Developed a uniform rule of ___
The uniform application of law provided a
foundation for law in nations that developed
in _______ _______
Standard 8.4h
- the origin, traditions, customs, beliefs,
and spread of Christianity.
Essential Knowledge
Christian beliefs
- _____ God
- Jesus as Son of God
- Life after death
- Church recognition of all who believe
- All people equal before God
Christianity established by
- Writings and teachings of apostles and
missionaries
- Religious assemblies (Council of
_______)
Conflicts with Empire
- Monotheism was in conflict with
__________.
- Persistence of early Christians led to
persecution (Nero).
- ____________ converted to Christianity
and ended persecution.
- Christianity became the official religion of
the ______ _______.
Standard 8.4i
- the origin, traditions, customs, beliefs,
and spread of Judaism.
Essential Knowledge
Judaism
- _____ God
- God’s __________with the Hebrews as
the Chosen People
- ____ _____________regarded as the
moral and religious laws of conduct.
Important people of Judaism
- __________
- ______
Contributions of Judaism to modern Western
Civilization
- Monotheism
- Ten Commandments
- ____ __________
Word Bank:
polytheism - one – Nicea – Western Europe – Roman roads - law – Mark Antony – the army - inflation - emperor – Julius
Caesar – Senate
-
All people equal before the law
Standard 8.4j
- the development and significance of the
Catholic Church in the late Roman
Empire.
Essential Knowledge
Organization of the Roman Catholic Church
- _______________ (Pope) was leader of
the church.
- Bishops directed the church in religious
districts.
- Priests served the church in the parish.
As civil authority declined the Roman Empire,
the church sustained public life through its
moral authority. Gradually, people gave their
first loyalty to the church rather than to
Rome.
Standard 8.4k
- Contributions in art and architecture,
technology and science, literature and
history, language, religious institutions,
and law.
Essential Knowledge
Rome adopted and extended Greek
achievements in religion, philosophy, architecture, arts
and science.
Contributions of Rome
- Art/Architecture: Pantheon,
Coliseum, Forum
- Technology: roads, aqueducts
- Language: Latin, Romance languages
- Literature: _______________
- Religion: Roman mythology
- Law: ______________ , “innocent until
proven guilty.”
Roman architecture has been reproduced in
Western building. Roman ___________has
provided imagery in Western art and
literature.
Standard 8.4l
- the reasons for the decline and fall of the
Roman Empire.
Essential Knowledge
Causes for the decline of the Roman Empire
-
Economy: the cost of defense and
devaluation of Roman coin.
Military: changes in army membership
and discipline
____________: people’s loss of faith in
Rome and the family
Political problems: imperial succession
and civil conflict
Invasion: ________________
Divided empire
__________divided the Empire into the
eastern and western regions.
Constantine sought to reform the Empire,
building a great capital at Byzantium and
renaming it __________________
Rome ceased to have a Roman emperor in
___________.
Word Bank:
covenant - Abraham – Constantine - one - Moral decay Ten Commandments – Virgil’s Aeneid – Twelve Tables mythology – Old Testament – Moses – Roman Empire–
Bishop of Rome - barbarian attacks – Diocletian –
Constantinople – 476 A.D.
5. Islam
compared to Judaism and Christianity
Essential Knowledge
Location: nomadic life of Bedouin peoples in Saudi
Arabia (______________)
Religious Beliefs:
1. _____________ faith
2. Acceptance of earlier _________ and
revelations: Abraham, Moses, Jesus
3. ___________ as God’s word to Muhammad
4. _________________, the last great prophet
5. All people are equal before God.
Religious Practices:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5 Pillars of Islamic Faith
Creed-there is one true _______
______ to the poor
Daily Prayers
Fasts during ____________
5. Pilgrimage to ___________
-
among Muslim religious practices was religious
___________ for Christians and Jews.
-
Great capitals were built in Mesopotamia,
in____________, and in___________.
-
The Muslim Empire preserved and extended
ancient __________learning making
contributions in mathematics, science, banking,
and literature.
Divisions Within Islam
- ________and Sunni had differences over the right
of succession to Muhammad.
Turning Points
1. Sunni/ Shi’ite division
2. Battle of ________
3. Division of Muslim Empire into
_____________(10th Century)
4. Muslim loss of Spain
5. __________
6. Increased trade throughout the
__________________
Jewish Beliefs
1 God
Jesus is a person
Torah
Christian Beliefs
1 God
Jesus is Son of God
Old and New Testaments
Salvation through just and
moral life
Moral code of behavior
Salvation by following the
teachings of Jesus
Moral code of behavior
Islamic Beliefs
1 God
Jesus is a prophet
Qur’an supersedes earlier
revelations
Salvation by following Five
Pillars and living a just life
Moral code of behavior
Word Bank:
Greek - Qur’an - Mediterranean - Monotheistic - Baghdad - caliphates - Alms - Mecca - Arabian Peninsula –
Shi’ite - prophets – Muhammad – God – Ramadan – tolerance – Damascus – Tours - Crusades
6. The Byzantines
THE BYZANTINES
-
-The establishment of ________________as
the capital of the Roman Empire.
codification of Roman law and
preservation of Greek and
Roman traditions.
Essential Knowledge
-Leadership in the Roman Empire under
Diocletian and Constantine contributed to the
strength of Constantinople while it weakened
Rome.
Advantages of the imperial capital at
Constantinople over Rome
- Proximity to trade with the Near
and Far East (__________)
- Stronger military in the East
- Constantinople easier to defend
from external enemies.
- Eastern empire more prosperous
Essential Knowledge
-
The Code of Justinian provided justice
for diverse peoples governed by the
Empire.
-
Justinian’s code became the basis for
European law codes.
-
__________and _______________were
adopted from Greek and Roman
philosophies.
-
Greek language divided Byzantium from
the Latin-speaking peoples of the West.
o
Constantinople became the center of
Christian orthodoxy in competition with
the church of Rome.
Expansion and Empire
-
the expansion of the Byzantine
Empire and economy.
Essential Knowledge
Roman Catholic Church
Important Byzantine leaders
- _____________: directed the
codification of Roman law that
serves most European countries
today (the Code of Justinian);
tried to expand the Empire
through warfare.
Conflicts that led to a split
between the Roman Catholic and
Greek Orthodox churches.
Essential Knowledge
Advantages of Constantinople as capital
of Byzantium
- Proximity to trade with the Near
and Far East (Silk Road)
- Strong military
- Constantinople easy to defend
from external enemies
- Constantinople heavily fortified
-
The growth of differences
- __________________________
refused to accept the primacy of
the Pope in Rome.
- ________were opposed in
Byzantium while supported in
Rome.
- Celibacy of priests was required
in Rome but not in Byzantium.
- Roman Catholic services were
conducted in________;
_______was used in
Constantinople
Word Bank:
Justinian – Patriarch of Constantinople – Silk Road – Stoicism – Icons – Latin - Epicureanism - Greek – Constantinople
Art and Architecture
-
Byzantine art and architecture
Essential Knowledge
-
-
Icons represented the holiness of
the subject.
________, adopted from the
Muslim world, were used to
decorate public and religious
structures.
Domed structures were built on
rectangular walls;
____________________in
Istanbul is an example.
Influence on Russia
-
Byzantine influence on Russia
and Eastern Europe.
Essential Knowledge
-
-
the Slavic people were converted
to Christianity by ____________
Saint Cyril adapted the Greek
alphabet (_______________) to
create a written ________
language that is still in use in
Russia, Bulgaria, and parts of
eastern Europe.
Conversion of the Slavs and
Russians brought these people
into contact with Byzantine
culture, visible in Russian
architecture.
Word Bank:
Hagia (Saint) Sophia – Cyrillic alphabet – Slavic – Saint Cyril - Mosaics
7. ANCIENT INDIA,CHINA, JAPAN,
AFRICA & the AMERICAS
STANDARD 8.8a
-India, with emphasis on the _______system;
the traditions, customs, beliefs, and
significance of Hinduism; and the conquest by
the Moslem Turks.
Essential Knowledge:
- __________developed the caste system to
ensure their dominance of Indian society. The
caste system was embedded in Hindu religious
law.
-The caste system was hereditary, creating a
stable social, political, and economic structure.
- ____________________criticized the
Hindu caste system and founded
__________. His teachings included the
________________and the___________.
________dispatched missionaries, spreading
the teachings of Buddha throughout Asia.
-The __________established the GOLDEN
AGE of Classical Indian culture contributing
mathematical knowledge (the numeral system
used in the West), new textiles, and literature
that influenced Southeast Asia.
-The ____________conquered India and
brought Islam to the Indian subcontinent.
Hinduism:




Caste system in religious law
Polytheistic (Henotheistic): one god
with many forms.
_____________-rebirth
_______: future is based on present
behavior.
-Physical barriers to invasion included the
Himalayas, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and
deserts of Southwest Asia.
- _____________was the invasion route
through mountains in the West.
-Arabian Sea provided sea routes for trade
with Rome and the Muslim world.
STANDARD 8.8b
-China, with emphasis on the T’ang dynasty;
the traditions, customs, beliefs, and
significance of Buddhism; the impact of
Confucianism and Taoism and the
construction of the Great Wall.
Essential Knowledge:
Confucius
 Humans are good, not bad
 Respect for elders
 Code of politeness still used in
Chinese society today
 Emphasis on education
 _________________
Laozi/Taoism
 Humility
 Simple life and inner peace
 Yin/Yang representing opposites,
e.g., good and evil
 Harmony with nature
-Chinese rulers were considered divine, but
they served under a _________________
only as long as their rule was just.
-Under the ________dynasty, China
developed printing and encouraged literature
influencing cultural development in Korea
and Japan.
-The Tang period expanded the system of
education and created civil service
examinations for government officials.
-China was connected to the Western World
(Rome) by the___________.
-Migratory invaders raided Chinese
settlements from the North. of China was
built as a line of defense against invasions.
Word Bank:
Siddhartha Gautama – Aryans – Buddhism – 4 Noble Truths - caste - 8-Fold Path – mandate from heaven - Asoka –
Guptas - Moslem Turks – Karma - Reincarnation – Khyber Pass – The Great Wall - Ancestor worship – Tang - Silk
Road
STANDARD 8.8C
-Japan, with emphasis on the development
and significance of ________and _________
religious traditions, and influence of the
Chinese culture.
Essential Knowledge:
-Shintoism is an ethnic religion unique to
Japan. Shinto venerates ________in nature
and ancestors. Shinto became the state
religion, venerating the emperor.
-Buddhism and Confucianism were
introduced to Japan from China along with
Chinese culture: art, architecture, and writing.
Zen Buddhism and Shinto continue to coexist
in Japan.
- _____________led to Japanese respect for a
just, central government.
-The insular character (isolated) of Japanese
geography provided defense from invaders.
Mayan Civilization




Located in Mexico and Central
America
Group of city-states ruled by a king
Economy was based on agriculture
and trade
Polytheistic religion-pyramids used
for religious purposes.
Aztec Civilization




Located in Mexico
Ruled by an Emperor
Economy was based on agriculture
__________ religion—based on
warfare
Contributions of Civilizations



_________
____________
Pyramids
STANDARD 8.8d
-The kingdoms of ______in eastern Africa
and Ghana in western Africa
Essential Knowledge:
-African civilization developed at Kush in
East Africa and Ghana in West Africa.
-Both economies focused on trade
throughout Africa and the Middle East.
-Kush traded primarily with Egypt. Ghana’s
economy was based on the exchange of
_____for ______
STANDARD 8.8d
-The Mayan and Aztec civilizations
Essential Knowledge:
Word Bank:
spirits – Buddhist – Writing System – Polytheistic - Shinto – gold - Kush– salt – Confucianism - Calendar
8. MIDDLE AGES
Standard 8.7a
-The structure of feudal society and its
economic, social, and political effects.
Essential Knowledge:
1. Barbarian invasions shattered the
Roman protection over the Empire.
2. _____________defined land
ownership and political
responsibilities. Protection (military)
was defined in lord/vassal
relationships.
3. In the latter years of the Roman
Empire, the government bound serfs
to the landowners---the origin of the
manorial system. The ___________
provided a stable, self-sustaining
economy in the Middle Ages.
4. Society in the Middle Ages was
stabilized with class and roles defined
by lord/vassal agreements. Class
structure consisted of inherited
nobility (king, vassal, lesser lord),
clergy, and peasants.
5. Nobility provided protection and
justice—serfs provided labor to feed
the nobility and themselves.
6. The church held manor lands with
church officials serving as vassals.
Standard 8.7b
-The Age of Charlemagne and the revival of
the
idea of the Roman Empire.
Essential Knowledge:
1. ____________emphasized learning
and Christian doctrine; he is
responsible for reviving Roman
culture
2. Papal anointment of Charlemagne as
_______________ established the
power of the Church in political life.
3. As the power of the Church grew,
Europeans held their first loyalty to
the Church—forming Christendom.
Standard 8.7c
-The invasions and settlings of the
Magyars and the Vikings, including
Angles and Saxons in Britain.
Essential Knowledge:
1. The ____________divided
Charlemagne’s empire into three
parts—one kingdom was given
to each of his sons.
2. Protection and land ownership
were dependent upon the
authority of local nobles. Manors
with castles provided protection
from invaders.
3. Vikings and Magyars settled in
Europe. The Angles and Saxons
became established in England.
Standard 8.7d
-The spread and influence of
Christianity throughout Europe.
Essential Knowledge:
1. The foundation of early
medieval society consisted of
the classical heritage of
Rome, Christian beliefs, and
the customs of
____________. There was
renaissance of Roman culture
under Charlemagne. Loyalty
to the church superseded
loyalty to the government.
2. Monasteries preserved
Greco-Roman culture in
libraries, reproducing secular
manuscripts—
_____________.
3. Missionaries carried the Latin
alphabet and the Christian
faith to German tribes.
4. The pope anointed
Charlemagne Holy Roman
Empire in __________.
5. Parish priests administered
the sacraments essential for
salvation. Hope was with the
Church.
Word Bank:
Charlemagne – Holy Roman Empire – treaty of Verdun - manorial system – Germanic tribes - St. Benedict – Feudal
Relationships – 800 A.D.