December 1st, 2015 PDN
• Which Indian figure led boycotts against the
British government, following the Amritsar
Massacre?
8.4 New Forces in China and Japan
Objectives:
Explain the key
challenges faced by the
Chinese republic in the
early 1900s.
Analyze the struggle
between nationalists and
Communists in China.
Summarize the effects of
liberal changes in Japan
in the 1920s.
Objectives Continued…
• Describe the rise of extreme nationalism and
militarism in Japan.
• Describe the impact of the Japanese invasion
of China.
China
China’s flag today (below)
Republic of China 1917-1928 ^^^^^
Where in the World is China???
Yes, Right there.
Trouble in the Chinese Republic
• Sun Yixian - “Father of Modern China”
– Three Principles of the People
• Nationalism
• Democracy
• Economic security for everyone
– Made little progress in rebuilding China.
• Chinese people felt more loyalty to families and clans instead
of their nation.
• “Therefore, even though we have four
hundred million people gathered together in
one China, in reality they are just a heap of
loose sand. Today we are the poorest and
weakest nation in the world and occupy the
lowest position in international affairs. Other
men are the carving knife and serving dish, we
are the fish and the meat.” - Sun Yixian
Trouble Continued…
• 1912, Sun stepped down as president in favor of
Yuan Shikai.
• Yuan tried to set up a Dynasty, but military did not
support him.
• Opposition divided nation, China plunged into
greater disorder.
• In provinces, local warlords seized power.
– Rival armies battled for control.
– Economy collapsed.
– Millions of peasants suffered terrible hardships.
– Famine and attacks by bandits added to misery.
Foreign Imperialism
• Chaos led to weakness.
• Foreign countries increased their influence in China.
• Japan presents China with the Twenty-One
Demands at the beginning of World War I.
• Too weak to resist, the Chinese gave in to demands.
• Following WWI, Allies gave the Japanese control of
former German possessions in China. (Yes, they
were tight).
The May Fourth Movement Seeks
Reform
• Student protests erupted in Beijing on May
4th, 1919 and spread across China.
• Students organized boycotts of Japanese
goods and businesses.
• Women played key role.
– Campaigned to end traditional practices, such as
footbinding and the seclusion of women within
the home.
Chinese Communism is Born
• Some Chinese turned to revolutionary ideas of
Marx and Lenin.
– Soviet Union (Russians) trained Chinese students and
military officers to become the vanguard.
– By 1920s, small Communist Political Party is born in
China
The Nationalists and Jiang Jieshi
• Jiang Jieshi took over after Sun’s death, he was
determined to reunite China (no interest in
Democracy nor Communism).
• 1927, Jiang orders the slaughter of Communist
Party members… starting a 22 year civil war.
Continued…
• Mao Zedong escaped Jiang’s attacks.
– Believed communists should seek support from peasants
– Redistributed land to peasants and offered them
schooling and health care in southeastern China.
The Long March
• From 1934 to 1935, 100,000 Communists trekked
more than 6,000 miles across the rugged mountains
and raging rivers of China.
• Faced daily attacks, only about 20,000 survived.
China Faces Japanese Imperialism