Carbon Compounds
.
Saturated Hydrocarbons
• A Hydrocarbon is an
organic compound that
contains only the elements
hydrogen and carbon.
• In a saturated
hydrocarbon, all the bonds
are single bonds.
• Alkane is another name
for a saturated
hydrocarbon.
Ethane
Characteristics of Hydrocarbons
• Factors that determine the
properties of a
hydrocarbon are:
• The number of carbon
atoms
• How the atoms are
arranged:
Straight chain
Branched chain
Ring
Straight Chains
• A hydrocarbon can
contain one carbon atom,
as in methane or
thousands of carbon
atoms, as in cellulose
One carbon
Two carbon
Three carbon
Four carbon
Five carbons
Six carbon
Methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane
hexane
Halosomers
Branched Chains
• The structural formula
for certain alkanes can
differ.
• Compounds with the
same molecular
formula but different
structural formulas
are isomers.
The Ring
• Carbons can be
arranged in a ring,
such as cyclobutane.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• A hydrocarbon that
contains one or more
double or triple bonds
is an unsaturated
hydrocarbon.
• There are three types
of unsaturated
hydrocarbons alkenes,
alkynes, and aromatic
hydrocarbons.
Alkenes
• Many fruit bearing
plants produce
ethene, which
controls the rate at
which fruits
ripening.
Alkynes
• Alkynes are the most
reactive hydrocarbon
compounds.
• They produce
extremely high
temperatures while
burning.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
• These alternating
single and double
bond hydrocarbons
form a ring.
• Many of these
compounds have
strong aromas or
odors.
Fossil Fuels
• Three types of fossil
fuels are coal,
petroleum, and
natural gas.
• The primary products
of the complete
combustion of fossil
fuels are carbon
dioxide and water
Substituted Hydrocarbons
• The functional group
in an alcohol is a
hydroxyl group, -OH.
• The functional group
in an organic acid is a
carboxyl group,COOH.
• The functional group
in an amine is an
amino group, -NH2
Alcohols
• When a
halocarbon
reacts with a
hydroxyl group.
Polymers
• Polymers can be
classified as natural
polymers or synthetic
polymers.
• Rubber, nylon, and
polyethylene are three
examples of
compounds than can
be synthesized.
Types
• Four types of
polymers produced in
plant and animal cells
are:
• Starches
• Cellulose
• Nucleic acids
• Proteins