I.
BONE LIST 206 Bones of the Human Skeleton
You will know and be able to identify the bones (underlined and bold) and markings, cavities, sutures, and other structures (in italics) of the human skeleton that are listed below. You may find this web site helpful. http://www.lumen.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/learnem/bones/main_bone.htm,
BONES OF THE AXIAL SKELETON {80 bones}
A.
SKULL [28 bones]
1. Cranium: Cranial Bones a.
(8 bones): cavities: nasal cavity, oral cavity, orbit
b. sutures: sagittal, coronal, lambdoidal, squamosal (or squamous)
Frontal bone (1) frontal sinus, supraorbital foramen
Parietal bones (2)
Occipital bone (1) foramen magnum, occipital condyle
Temporal bones (2) mastoid process, styloid process, zygomatic process, carotid canal, external auditory (acoustic) meatus, jugular foramen, mandibular fossa
Auditory ossicles (6):
Malleus
Incus
(2)
(2)
Stapes (2)
Sphenoid bone (1) optic canal, superior orbital fissure, sella turcica
(hypophyseal fossa of sphenoid bone)
Ethmoid bone (1) cribriform plate, crista galli
2. Face: Facial bones (14 bones): a. important structures: zygomatic arch, nasal septum, hard palate b. teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars
B.
HYOID BONE [1]
Palatine bones (2)
Zygomatic bones (2) temporal process, zygomatic arch
Lacrimal bones (2)
Nasal bones (2)
Vomer bone (1)
Maxilla (2) palatine process
Inferior Nasal Conchae (2)
Mandible (1) mental foramen, mandibular condyle

II.
BIOL& 241 - BONE LIST
C.
VERTEBRAL COLUMN [26 bones]
Intervertebral disks
4 curvatures: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
Vertebrae
206 Bones of the Human Skeleton
: spinous process, superior & inferior articular processes, intervertebral discs, transverse process, transverse costal facets, vertebral body (centrum), vertebral foramen, intervertebral foramen.
Cervical Vertebrae (7 bones)
Atlas (1st vertebra), transverse ligament, transverse foramen
Axis (2nd vertebra), dens (odontoid process)
Vertebra prominens (7th vertebra)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12 bones)
Lumbar Vertebrae (5 bones)
Sacrum (1 fused bone) body of sacral vertebra, sacral foramen, sacral canal, median sacral crest, sacral hiatus, sacroiliac joint
Coccyx (1 fused bone)
D.
THORACIC CAGE [25 bones]
Costal cartilage
Ribs (24 bones or 12 pairs) head (capitulum), neck, tubercle (tuberculum), shaft (body) true ribs, vertebrosternal ribs: 1-7 false ribs, vertebrochondral ribs: 8-10 floating ribs: 11-12
Sternum (1 bone) manubrium, body (gladiolus), xiphoid process, clavicular notch (articulation), jugular notch
BONES OF THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON {126 bones}
A.
UPPER LIMBS [60 bones]
Humerus (2) head, neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular sulcus, deltoid tuberosity, medial and lateral epicondyles, capitulum, trochlea, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa
Radius (2) head, neck, radial tuberosity, styloid process
Ulna (2) head, olecranon process, coronoid process, styloid process of ulna, radial notch, trochlear (semilunar) notch
Carpals (16)
Triquetral
Pisiform
Hamate
Lunate
(Unciform) (2)
Capitate (2)
(Semilunar) (2)
Scaphoid (Navicular) (2)
Trapezium (Greater multangular) (2)
Trapezoid (Lesser multangular) (2)
Metacarpals (10) - numbered 1-5 from thumb: head, shaft, base
Phalanges (singular: phalanx ) (28) distal, middle, and proximal pollex
(Triangular or Triquetrum) (2)
(2)
B.
PECTORAL GIRDLE [4 bones]
Clavicle (2) sternal end, acromial end, body
Scapula (2) glenoid fossa, coracoid process, acromion process, spine, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, subscapular fossa, vertebral (medial) border, axillary (lateral) border

C.
LOWER LIMBS [60 bones]
Femur (2) head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, linea aspera,
Fibula medial & lateral epicondyle, medial & lateral condyle, patellar surface
Patella (2)
Tibia (2) medial & lateral condyle, tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus
(2) head, lateral malleolus
Tarsals (14)
Talus (2)
Navicular
Cuboid
(2)
(2)
Cuneiform bones: Medial, Intermediate, Lateral (6)
Calcaneus (2)
Metatarsals (10) - numbered 1-5 from medial to lateral: head, shaft, base
Phalanges (singular: phalanx ) (28) distal, middle, and proximal hallux
D.
PELVIC GIRDLE [2 bones]
Coxal bone ( pelvic bones or os coxa or innominate bones ) (2) obturator foramen, acetabulum, sacroiliac joint
Ilium:
Pubis: iliac crest, anterior (superior & inferior) iliac spine, iliac fossa posterior (superior & inferior) iliac spine, greater sciatic notch
Ischium: ischial tuberosity, lesser sciatic notch symphysis pubis (interpubic joint), pubic crest