Biology 1406 Test II Study Guide.
Chapter 5.
1. What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
organisms?
2. What theory is more commonly used in textbooks about the origin of
eukaryotic organisms?
3. What are the main differences between a plant cell and an animal cell?
What are the functions/components of the following organelles/structures.
Can you identify them on a drawing?
4. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
5. Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
6. Golgi Body (Apparatus)
7. Lysosomes
8. Nucleus
9. Nucleoid
10. Nucleolus
11. Ribosome
12. Chloroplast. Identify parts
13. Vacuoles
14. Cytoskeleton
15. Cilia and flagella
16. Nuclear membrane
17. Cell membrane
18. Mitochondrion. Identify parts
Chapter 6.
19. What is energy?
20. What are the laws of Thermodynamics and what do they state?
21. What are enzymes?
22. What is the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?
23. What does the term “coupled reactions” mean?
24. What is the universal biological molecule that stores energy? Where in the
molecule is the energy stored? What kind of biomolecules is it?
25. Give an example of an “electron carrier” molecule
26. Mention the main parts of an enzyme
27. How many ways do you know that an enzymatic activity can be
regulated/controlled/inhibited? What are they?
Chapter 7
28. What is photosynthesis?
29. Know the general formula for photosynthesis
30. In leaves, what is the name of the tissue where most photosynthesis takes
place?
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31. What is a pigment? Examples in plants. Where exactly are they located
within the chloroplast?
32. What are the main products of the light-dependent reaction?
33. What are the main products of the light-independent reaction?
34. Which photosystem generates ATP? Which one NADPH?
35. What are NAD+ and NADP+?
36. What molecule provides with low energy electrons for photosynthesis?
37. What is chemiosmosis? Where does it take place?
38. What is the relationship between light-dependent and light-independent
reactions?
39. What is photorespiration? What strategies have C3 and C4 plants
developed to avoid photorespiration?
Chapter 8:
1) What is the overall reaction of aerobic respiration?
2) What are the possible products of fermentation? Do they produce extra
ATP? How does Fermentation help ATP production?
3) Know the parts of the mitochondria; where do the processes of glycolysis,
fermentation, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport chain take place.
4) What is the net ATP production of glycolysis?
5) What are the two stages of glycolysis?
6) In aerobic respiration, what is the final electron acceptor?
7) What is the function of NAD+ ?
8) In what part of the mitochondria do the H+ from NADH and FADH2 get
concentrated?
9) How many ATP’s are produced by the Electron Transport Chain?
10) Besides glucose, what other biomolecules can be used to produce ATP?
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