Intro Question 
How might industrialization in a country lead to
social unrest?
Chapter 14-1
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Revolutions in Russia  I)
Alexander III Upholds the Autocracy
 II) Nicholas II Resists Change
 III) Crises at Home and Abroad
 IV) The March Revolution
 V) The Bolshevik Revolution
 VI) Lenin Restores Order
I) Alexander III Upholds the Autocracy
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We will now go back to the midst of WWI, and take a closer look at
Russia:
Czar Alexander III used harsh measures to wipe out the revolutionaries.
Anyone who questioned his authority, worshiped outside the Russian
Orthodox Church, or spoke a language other than Russian was tagged
as dangerous.
Alexander III oppressed other groups inside Russia, and a wave
organized violence against Jews broke out in many parts of Russia
II) Nicholas II Resists Change
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Nicholas II maintained the policies of his father Alexander
III when he became Czar, vowing to maintain autocratic
rule.
The rapid buildup of Russian industry helps the country
prosper.
The great Trans-Siberian Railway is built with the help of
British and French investors. This was the world’s longest
continuous railway.
Worker exploitation spurs the growth of revolutionary
movements, including the Bolsheviks and their leader
Vladimir Lenin.
III) Crisis at Home and Abroad
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Trying to gain more land in Asia, Russia is defeated in the
Russo-Japanese War; this sparks unrest.
Russia’s first parliament (Duma) is formed after Bloody
Sunday and the Revolution of 1905.
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200,000 Russians went to the palace asking for food, Russian soldiers fired on the
crowd, killing over 1000. The resistance after causes the creation of Duma.
Russia faces defeats and food shortages during World War I.
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Nicholas II goes to the front and Rasputin influences his wife at home.
Rasputin
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Gains influence over the
Tsar’s wife.
Influences political
decisions.
Is killed by wealthy
nobles.
IV) The March Revolution
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General uprisings force the abdication of Nicholas II.
A weak provisional government replaces the czarist
regime.
Social revolutionaries, competing for power, formed
soviets, which were local councils consisting of workers.
The Germans arrange Lenin’s return to Russia in 1917.
V) The Bolshevik Revolution
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In November 1917, without warning, the Bolshevik Red Army
storm the winter palace in Petrograd, rallying to Lenin’s
slogan of “Peace, Land, and Bread”.
They took over the government and arrested leaders of the
provisional government
Within days of taking over, Lenin ordered all farmland be
redistributed among the peasants and gave factory control
to the workers.
For 3 years (1918-1920) a civil war raged in Russia, with
several western nations sending military aid and forces to
help the opposing White Army
In the end the Red Army triumphed and crushed all
opposition
VI) Lenin Restores Control
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Lenin launches the New Economic Policy (NEP) to help
revive the faltering Russian economy.
In 1922 Russia is renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (U.S.S.R.) in honor of the councils that help launch
the Bolshevik Revolution.
The Bolsheviks rename their party the Communist Party,
coming from the writings of Karl Marx who used the term
to describe a classless society that would exist after
workers seized power.
Lenin established a dictatorship of the Communist Party.