Modules 1-3 Study Guide
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Definition of psychology
Know ideas of early philosophers
Freud, Calkins, William James,
Titchener, Wundt
Empiricism
Structuralism
o Introspection
Functionalism
Nature-Nurture Debate
Natural Selection
Understand biopsychosocial approach
Know all the perspectives
Humanism
Cognitive Neuroscience
Know the different types of
professionals in the psychology field
(ex: psychiatrist)
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence
Aspects of scientific attitude
Theory
Hypothesis
Replication
Operational Definition
Using animals in studies—ethics and
procedures
Ethics and procedures for working with
human participants
Possible influences of researchers’
values and opinions
Case study
Naturalistic Observation
Survey
False Consensus Effect
Population vs. Sample
Importance of random
sampling/random selection
Experimentation
o Cause and effect
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Placebo and Placebo Effect
Independent variable vs.
Dependent Variable
o Double-blind procedure
o Control group vs. Experimental
Group
o Random Assignment
Correlation
o Remember: CORRELATION
DOES NOT PROVE CAUSATION
o Positive vs. Negative
o Correlation Coefficient
o Scatterplot
Illusory Correlation
Mean, Median, and Mode
Measures of Variation
o Range
o Variance
o Standard Deviation
Statistical Significance
Normal and Skewed Distributions