Biomolecules
 Form
= Function
 Review inquiry activity from previous
class.
BIOMOLECULES
MACROMOLECULES
 made by polymerizationlarge compounds built by
joining smaller ones
together.
 Smaller units (subunits) are
called monomers.
 4 major molecules important
to life.
 Carbohydrates,
lipids, nucleic
acids and proteins.
BIO BUILDING BLOCKS
CARBOHYDRATES

1:2:1 RATIO


1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen
Example: the sugar glucose - C6H12O6
Monomer – Monosaccharide
Polymer - Polysaccharide
Main source of energy for living things
Also has structural purpose for living things.




1.
2.
Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose
Animal cells store excess sugars as glycogen
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrate
Polymer
Monomer
(subunit)
LIPIDS
 Made
of Carbon and Hydrogen
 NOT soluble in water (hydrophobic)

doesn’t mix with water
 Used
to store energy, as chemical
messengers (hormones, steroids)
 Part of the cell membrane (phospholipids).
 Saturated-Solid at room temperature.
No double bonds
 Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature.
Double bonds between Carbons.
LIPIDS
LIPIDS - triglyceride
Phospholipids – cell membrane
component
Phospholipids: fatty
acids bound to
glycerol, a
phosphate group
replaces one fatty
acid.
Phosphate group is
hydrophilic—”water
loving head”
“Water fearing tails”
are fatty acid
chains—
hydrophobic
Lipid
Cell walls
PROTEINS
 Composed
of Nitrogen, Carbon,
Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
 Monomers are called amino acids
 Control rate of reactions
 Function in transport and formation of
bone and muscle cells.
 Folded shape is important in enzyme
recognition process.
Proteins
Monomers
Polymers
PROTEINS –amino acids
NUCLEIC ACIDS
 Composed
of Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Nitrogen, Carbon and Phosphorus.
 Subunits (monomers) are called
nucleotides.
 Store and transmit hereditary
information.
 Ex. DNA , RNA
NUCLEIC ACIDS - nucleotides
Nucleic Acids
Polymer
Monomer
NUCLEIC ACIDS
RNA—ribose
DNA—deoxyribose
Video Review over Biomolecules
 http://youtu.be/PYH63o10iTE
http://youtu.be/n9eWhSbjSFI
Dehydration Synthesis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMTeqZLXBSo
Difference in using energy fast
or slow:
Fast Chemical Reaction:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9dhtr
e_HgU
 Slow Chemical Reaction:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmK3RUtZGs