KEY
Note Taking Guide
Topic # 3023
Comparative Anatomy
Brian Matchett and Alyson Wilson
SLIDE 2: What is comparative anatomy?
The study and comparison of body parts of different species.
SLIDE 5: Comparative anatomy includes
1. Change, adaptation, and mutation of species
2. The invasion of new territories.
3. Species compatibility with surroundings
SLIDE 6: How can Comparative Anatomy help us?
1. Understand our history
2. Consider plans for change
3. Improve animal genetics
4. Preserve endangered species
SLIDE 7: Why should we be aware of Comparative Anatomy?
1. Variations in animal care
2. Differences in animal habits
SLIDE 8: Adaptation
- Is the genetic and physiological changes that occur due to pressures or changes in an
animal's environment
SLIDE 9: Adaptation Changes
Examples
- forelimb of humans used for manipulating
- webbed foot of seal used for swimming
- front feet of mole used for digging
SLIDE 10: Structural Development
1. Homologous Structures
2. Analogous Structures
SLIDE 11: Homologous Structures
- Have similar structures, but different uses
SLIDE 12: Analogous Structures
- Body parts are similar in use, but different in structure .
SLIDE 13: Directional Terms
Definition: Used to describe the positions of structures on the body
relative to other structures or locations
SLIDE 14: Cranial - closer to the head of the animal
Caudal - closer to the tail
Medial - closer to the midline of the limb, trunk or head
Lateral - farther away from the midline
SLIDE 16: Dorsal - close rot the topside (back) of the animal
Ventral - closer to the bottom side side (belly) of the animal
Proximal - closer to the attachment of the appendage to the body
Distal - farther away from the attachment of the body
SLIDE 17: Comparative Anatomy of Typical Farm Animal Species Include
1. Skeletal Structures
2. Reproductive Syestems
3. Digestion
SLIDE 19: Skeletal Structures
- Protects vital organs and gives basic form and shape
to an animals body
SLIDE 20: Reproduction
Definition: The production of live, normal offspring
SLIDE 21: Puberty - age at which reproductive organs become
functionally operative
Gestation - time from breeding or conception of a female until she
gives birth to her young
Estrus - time for acceptance of the male and normally coincides
approximately with ovulation "Heat"
Estrous Cycle - Estrus Cycle or the time from one estrus to the next
SLIDE 22: Digestion
- Includes all the organs that are involved in the
digestion of food
SLIDE 23: Types of Digestion
1. Monogastric or Simple Stomach
2. Ruminant
3. Avian
SLIDE 24: Monogastric
- Characterized by the inability to digest roughage efficiently
- Enzymes used to break food down
- Includes: swine, humans, horses, and rabbits
SLIDE 25: Ruminant
- Handles the breakdown of large amounts lignified fiber
- Has four different compartments:
1. Rumen 3. Omasum
2. Reticulum 4. Abomasum
- Includes: sheep, goats,
cows
SLIDE 27: Avian
- Designed for grinding hard or encased food
- Has a gizzard
- Have no teeth
- Includes: all birds