Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 1
Outline
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Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology
Characteristics of life
Maintenance of Life
Levels of organization
Introduction
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Renaissance – birth or new beginning
1300’s – 1500’s
Abiogenesis – Birth without life
Redi
Anatomy
• The study of the parts and structures of
the body
Physiology
• The study of the functions of the parts and
structures of the body
Characteristics of life
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Movement
Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Respiration
Digestion
Absorption
Circulation
Assimilation
excretion
metabolism
• All the reactions in the body
Maintenance of Life
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Requirement of organisms
1. water
2. foods
3. oxygen
4. heat
5. pressure
homeostasis
• Steady state
• Regulation of the body to maintain a
constant in environment.
Levels of organization
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Atoms – electrons, protons, neutrons
Elements – Au, H, Ag, Ar, N, He,
Molecules – O2, N2, H2,
Compounds – H2O, C6H12O6, CO2,
Macromolecule
Organelles – mitochondria, chloroplast, ER, ribosomes
Cell – RBC, WBC, neuron, osteocyte
Tissue – group of cells with similar structures and fx
ex. Skin, hair, cornea, bone
Organs- group of tissues with similar structures and fx
ex. Brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver, stomach
Systems
organisms
Systems
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Integumentary – skin, hair, nail
Skeletal – femur, tibia, rib
Muscular – bicep brachii, pectorialis minor, hamstring
Nervous – brain, eye, spinal cord
Digestion – stomach, esophagus, colon
Circulation – vein, heart, artery
Respiratory – lungs, diaphragm, bronchi
Urinary – kidney, ureter, urinary bladder
Lymphatic – lymph nodes, spleen, lymph
Endocrine – hormones, thyroid, estrogen
Reproduction – testes, ovary, oocyte, spermatazoa
Rest of Chapter 1 later