Note Taking Guide
Topic # 3023
Comparative Anatomy
Brian Matchett and Alyson Wilson
What is comparative anatomy?
Comparative anatomy includes
1. Change, adaptation, and mutation of species
2.
3. Species compatibility with surroundings
How can Comparative Anatomy help us?
1. Understand our history
2.

4.
3. Improve animal genetics
Why should we be aware of Comparative Anatomy?
1. Variations in animal care
2.
Adaptation
- Is the genetic and changes that occur due to pressures or changes in an animal's
Adaptation Changes

Examples
- forelimb of humans used for manipulating
-
- front feet of mole used for digging
Structural Development
1. Homologous Structures
2. Analogous Structures
Homologous Structures

- Have similar structures, but different uses
Analogous Structures
- Body parts are similar in use, but different in .
Directional Terms
Definition:
Cranial - closer to the of the animal

Caudal - closer to the
Medial - closer to the midline of the limb, trunk or head
Lateral - farther away from the midline

Dorsal - close rot the topside (back) of the animal
Ventral - closer to the side (belly) of the animal
Proximal - closer to the attachment of the appendage to the body
Distal - away from the attachment of the body
Comparative Anatomy of Typical Farm Animal Species Include
1. Skeletal Structures
2.
3. Digestion

Skeletal Structures
- Protects vital organs and gives basic form and to an animals body
Reproduction
Definition:
Puberty -
Gestation - time from breeding or of a female until she gives birth to her young
Estrus - time for acceptance of the male and normally coincides approximately with ovulation "Heat"
Estrous Cycle -
Digestion

- Includes all the that are involved in the digestion of food
Types of Digestion
1. Monogastric or Simple Stomach
2.
3.
Monogastric
- Characterized by the inability to digest efficiently
- Enzymes used to break food down
- Includes:
Ruminant

- Handles the of large amounts lignified fiber
- Has four different compartments:
1. 3. Omasum
2. Reticulum 4.
- Includes: sheep, goats, cows

Avian
- Designed for grinding hard or encased food
- Has a
- Have no
- Includes: all birds