CELLULAR ORGANELLES
Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Part 2
CYTOPLASM
All the material, except the
nucleus & cellular boundaries,
inside a cell.
 It is a thick fluid that
contains cytoplasmic
organelles (parts of a cell
that carry on many of the
functions needed to keep the
cell alive).

CYTOPLASM
MITOCHONDRIA
nicknamed "the
powerhouse of the cell“
 bean-shaped or rodshaped structures made
of two layers of unit
membranes

MITOCHONDRIA
the outer membrane is
smooth
 inner membrane is folded
repeatedly into ridges the
folds are called cristae. On
the inner membrane are the
enzymes that release usable
energy (ATP) from small food
molecules

MITOCHONDRIA
where energyreleasing
reactions occur
MITOCHONDRIA
Depending upon the energy
demands of the cell, the
mitochondria many be large
and numerous with many
cristae (as in muscle cells)
or they may be small and
relatively few with only a
few cristae.
MUSCLE CELL MITOCHONDRIA
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of
tubules and flattened sacs that serve a
variety of functions in the cell. (it
connects the nuclear envelope
to the cell membrane)
 There
are two regions of the ER that differ
in both structure and function.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
rough ER - ER with
ribosomes attached (site of
protein production)
 smooth ER - ER lacking
ribosomes (It makes lipids like
cholesterol and helps remove harmful
substances from a cell)

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
RIBOSOMES
a cellular organelle that
directs the assembling of
proteins
 nickname "protein
factories“
 function - protein
synthesis (direct the
assembling of proteins)

RIBOSOMES
found on ER and
scattered throughout the
cytoplasm
 gets coded instructions
from nucleus for making
proteins

LIVER CELL RIBOSOMES
GOLGI APPARATUS

The Golgi apparatus prepares
proteins for their specific functions
and packages the proteins into
vesicles.

first seen in 1898 by
Camillo Golgi
GOLGI BODY
VACUOLES
a membrane-bound sac that
contains food, water,
wastes, or other materials
within a cell
 nickname "containers of the
cell"
 small vacuoles are
sometimes called vesicles

VESICLES

Vesicles are organelles that transport
substances from one area of a cell to
another area of a cell.
VACUOLES
LYSOSOMES
an organelle that contains
digestive enzymes
 digest invading substances or
large food substances
occasionally its enzymes
destroy old or no longer
needed cellular structures
(demolition crew)

LYSOSOMES
CHLOROPLASTS
a cellular organelle
that contains
chlorophyll(other
pigments are in plastids)
 the organelle in which
photosynthesis occurs

CHLOROPLASTS
Chloroplasts are
membrane-bound
organelles that use light
energy and make food—a
sugar called glucose—
from water and carbon
dioxide through the
process of photosynthesis.
CHLOROPLASTS
NUCLEUS
sometimes called "the
control center of the
cell"
 the cellular region
that contains the
chromosomes

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
The nucleus has a
double unit
membrane around
it called the
nuclear membrane
or nuclear
envelope.
The nuclear envelope is a porous, twomembrane structure that surrounds the nucleus.
NUCLEUS
The nuclear
envelope has
large pores permitting the
passage of
material between
the cytoplasm and
nucleoplasm.
NUCLEOPLASM
protein rich
fluid inside
the nuclear
envelope
DNA
the nucleic acid
that carries
genetic information
DNA in the nucleus is organized into
structures called chromosomes.
NUCLEUS
Inside the nucleus are
chromosomes - contains the
coded information for making
various parts of the cell.
 Chromosomes are made up of
a chemical called
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

NUCLEOLUS
looks like a
nucleus inside the
nucleus (structure
where ribosomes are
assembled)
LIVER CELL NUCLEUS
ORGANELLES THAT MANUFACURE
• Ribosomes
• Smooth ER
ORGANELLES FOR PROCESSING ENERGY
• Mitochondria
• Chloroplasts
ORGANELLES FOR PROCESSING, STORING, AND
TRANSPORTING MOLECULES
• Golgi apparatus
• Vesicles
• Vacuoles
CELL ORGANELLES