Cornell Notes
Name: ___________________________________
Lecture, reading/chapter/novel/article
during class, power point, movies (if need
to collect info.)
Class: _________________ Period: ________
Topic: Early Greece and Beyond
Date: ____________________________
 Essential Questions: What are the most important contribution that ancient Greece has
given to the world and what impact did it have on later civilizations?
 What are the main differences between Athens and Sparta?
 What was the Hellenistic Age, how did it lead to cultural diffusion and what advances
Questions/Main
Ideas:
were produced
as a result of it?
Notes:
physical geography
 located in the eastern ___________________
 ____________ and ____________________
Archipelago
 A large ____________________________
Peninsula
 A body of land ________________________
_______________________________.
 Greece is surrounded by the ______________ Sea
and the ________________ Sea.
 Greece has rough mountains, narrow valleys, and
no __________________ rivers.
 The mountains and seas divide Greece into many
small sections.
 It was difficult for people to __________ from one
part of Greece to another.

This also helps to explain why early Greece was divided
into individual City-States
Minoans (c. 2500 – c.
1450 BC)
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Mycenaeans (c. 1600 –
c. 1150 BC)
 Greece’s 1st mainland civilization
 glorified warfare
 overtook the Minoans as the __________________
on ______________ and nearby islands
________________________________________
seafaring traders
wealthy
weakened by a massive _________________ and
later ____________________________
in the eastern Mediterranean
Troy
 city in Asia Minor
 German archaeologist _______________________
discovered ruins in the late 1800s
 site of the _______________________
Trojan War (c. 1200 BC)
 war between ___________ and ________________
during the ____________________________.
 The Greeks tricked the Trojan Army with the
_________________________.
 The Greeks won the war and burnt Troy to the
ground.
Homer (8th century BC)
 _______________________
 blind (according to legend)
 composed the __________ and the _____________
Iliad
 epic poem by Homer
 tells of a 50-day period in the _________________
_________________________
 topic: ____________________________
Odyssey
 epic poem by Homer
 topic: ____________________________________
_________________________________
mythology
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Greek Life
 Greece has a ____________________climate, mild
or temperate temperatures.
 The Greek way of life was primarily ___________
 Men gathered at the ______________, or market to
discuss politics, theater, and civic and religious
celebrations.
 Taking a part in civic life was both a ___________
and a virtue.
ancient Greek religion
collection of stories about ____________________
Greek gods are _____________________
Reside on ____________________
Greek Schools
Greek Government
The Greeks believed that educated people made good
citizens.
But only Greek _______ were allowed to be _________.
Education in Greece was mainly for _________.
The Greek schools were ____________, and families had
to __________ to have their sons attend school.
Boys attended school from age six to age ____________.
They learned reading, writing, arithmetic, poetry, music,
and athletics.
If a boy’s family was rich, he continued his studies with a
____________ teacher and learned geometry, astronomy,
grammar, and public speaking.
After finishing these studies, a young Greek was ready to
become a useful and active __________ of his city-state.
 Greece is divided into many very small nations, or
_________________ or _______________.
 Each city-state was like a small nation.
 It had its own king, ____, and army of free citizens.
 The Greeks who lived in these city-states thought
of themselves as citizens of their own __________,
not as citizens of Greece.
Architecture
GREEK PHILOSOPHY
 the word means “__________________________”
 before philosophy, people appealed to the gods for
explanations
 based on the idea that the universe is ___________
and _____________________
 nearly all ________________________________
developed from philosophy
Socrates (470-399 BC)
 Greek philosopher from ______________
 considered one of the most influential thinkers in
history
 famous for the _________________________
 _____________________ and pointed out
flaws in the answers
 left no writings
trial of Socrates (399
BC)
 Socrates was put on trial in Athens at age 70
 official charges:
 _______________________________
 __________________________
 real motives:
 scapegoat for Athens’ defeat in the
Peloponnesian War
 ___________________________________
 found ___________________ (Hemlock – poison)
Plato (428-347 BC)
 Greek philosopher from Athens
 ________________________________
 most of what we know about Socrates and
many of the pre-Socratic philosophers is
thanks to Plato
 founded the world’s 1st university
 called the ________________________
wrote ___________________________
 Plato’s most important book
 discusses the _____________________:
 rejects _________________________ as the
best form of government
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
 Greek philosopher from Macedonia
 ___________________________ (at the Academy)
 founded a university in Athens
 called the ________________
 teacher of ____________________________
 taught that the way to find truth was through a
combination of the minds and the senses
OLYMPIC GAMES
(776 B.C. to about 400
A.D.)
 Held every ______ years in honor of ___________
 Cultural interaction between city-states
 Athletes came to Greece from all over to compete
at the Olympia.
 Games lasted ______ days, the _______________
was the supreme event (five events total: broad
jump, discus hurl, javelin throw, stadium sprint,
and a wrestling match.)
 Olive wreath for each winner
 Winners received odes; cash; pensions; statues;
triumphal processions at city-states
Drama/Theatre
 invented in Athens
 world’s first actor: Thespis
 two main categories:
 tragedy
 comedy
-Greek plays were presented in large, ________ theaters.
- The ____________ were plays that made fun of leading
Greek citizens.
- The _____________ were plays that dealt with _______
matters, such as the meaning of __________ and the
_____________ between good and evil.
Rival City – States
Athens
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Greek city-state
gained wealth through _______________________
birthplace of ___________________
center for the _________and _________________
powerful _____________
Democracy
 rule by the people directly or through
representatives
 decisions made by _______________
 invented in ________________
 only ______________ were allowed to participate
 Citizenship requirements were:
1. had to be _____________
2. both parents ______________ born
 Only about _______ of the population __________
for __________________.
Direct Democracy
Citizens rule ___________________________________
Pericles (495-429 BC)
 greatest political leader of Athens during the
“___________________” (5th century BC)
 perhaps the greatest period of achievement in
the history of civilization
 promoted the ______ and great ________________
 responsible for the construction of the
____________________
 Pericles had three main goals:
1. to strengthen Athenian _________________
2. to build a _____________________ empire
3. to _______________ Athens.
Sparta
 Greek city-state
 Not all city-states became a _______________.
 _______________ was ruled by ______ kings and
a Council of noblemen.
 _______________________________
 powerful army
phalanx
 Greek ______________________________
 soldiers stood side-by-side holding _____________
and ________________
 enabled smaller Greek forces to defeat much larger
enemy forces
Persian Wars
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powerful ancient empire
__________________ in the early 5th century BC
______________ in early 5th century BC
the Greek city-states united to stop the invasion of
the Persians
 the “___________________” of Greece began as a
result of the Greek victory over the ____________
Themistocles (c. 527 – 460 BC)
 Athenian __________ and ___________________
 the person most responsible for the Greek victory
in the 2nd Persian War
 prepared Athens by building a ____________
 devised the strategy that brought victory at
the ______________________________
BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE(300)
 Thermopylae was ___________ through mountains
 Greeks hoped it would nullify Persian
_______________ advantage
 _________ men held pass commanded by
_____________________ of Sparta
 Persians could not make any headway against
Greeks for several days
 Greek ______________ led Persians around
pass and they came in behind Greeks
 Eventually wiped out by Persians
 ________________________
BATTLE OF SALAMIS
 Athens _________________ population to nearby
seaside fort of Salamis
 Persians hesitated to attack because Bay of
Salamis was full of Athenian ships
 Athenians tricked Persians into entering bay with
their navy
 ____________, more maneuverable Athenian
ships then ___________________________
PROBLEMS AMONG
THE GREEKS
 ___________ should have led an ______________
designed to ______________________
 But this did not happen
 _____________ still a Threat
 Naval power required to handle
this threat
 Athens therefore became the head of new Greek
alliance Known as ________________________
Peloponnesian War
(431-404 BC)
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________ war between _________ and _________
Athens was weakened by a _______________
Sparta eventually won
Athens was no longer the ____________________
Greek Historians
 the Greeks were the first to write history
 world’s first historians:
 _________________ (484–c. 425 BC)
 considered the ___________________
 wrote the history of the ____________
 _________________ (c. 460–c. 400 BC)
 wrote the history of the ____________
__________________
Greek Conquest
Philip (382-336 BC)
 king of ____________________
 conquered Greece in the 4th century BC
 father of ______________________________
Alexander the Great (356-323 BC)
 son of Philip of Macedonia
 taught by __________________
 conquered the largest empire in history (up to that
time)
 many consider him the greatest general in history
 spread _______________________ throughout his
empire(Cultural Diffusion)
 died at age _____________
Hellenistic period
 The Hellenistic age is the period between the death
of Alexander the Great and the rise of the Roman
Empire under Augustus
 improvements in areas of __________ and _____.
 arts: sculptures became more ______________
 philosophy became accessible to a much wider
audience than it had previously been.
Hippocrates (c. 460–c. 370)
 Greek physician from Athens
 considered the ____________________________
 his basic statement on medical ethics, the
__________________________, is still used today
Euclid (c. 287-212 BC)
 Greek mathematician who lived in ____________,
Egypt
 considered the ____________________________
Archimedes (c. 325–c. 265 BC)
 Greek mathematician, physicist, and engineer from
Sicily
 some consider him to be the most influential
________________________ in history
Ptolemy (c. AD 90–c. 168)
 Greek __________ who lived in Alexandria, Egypt
 believed in a __________ (earth-centered) universe
 his view of the universe was accepted for over 1000
years
Pythagoras
 philosopher and mathematician
 In geometry the great discovery was the
___________________________________.
 a² + b² = c²
Summary: