Presidential Campaigning - 1800 style
★ neither candidate traveled to give speeches (that was “improper” and “unpresidential”)
★ letters to the editors of newspapers were written on behalf of the candidates
★ letters to the editors of newspapers were written slamming the opponents
What if those letters were turned into campaign ads???
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_zTN4BXvYI
Regional Votes
investigate the map: http://connected.mcgrawhill.com/media/repository/protected_content/COMPOUND/50000072/54/69/DOPA_SC_C10N_C10F_L1_mi1/index.html?mghCourseID=DHKCQ9C32JB823DOE3QKWEOZJQ
Discuss…
What did these regions have in common?
Why might New York have been different?
What about in today’s society?
The Democratic-Republicans had a strategy…
John Adams was to come in 3rd place in the electoral vote.
He did.
Unfortunately for them, their top two candidates were TIED in electoral votes.
Jefferson was supposed to have ended up with more that Burr, that was always the plan…
A tie means trouble.
Because of the TIE, it was up to the House of Representatives to decide who was President
and Vice President…
… and there were people in the Federalist party in the House.
… and they remembered how the D-R’s shut out John Adams.
The Federalists plotted to ruin their plans and vote for Burr instead.
Another tie…
… they voted again…
… another tie…
35 times they tied. 35!
until one person changed his vote to Jefferson.
Thomas Jefferson was now the 3rd President of the United States.
● To end presidential election confusion
● Proposed in 1803 & ratified in 1804
● First used in the election of 1804
Renaissance Man
An older term that means a person of many talents.
Thomas Jefferson defined this:
❖ a scholar (studied many things like philosophy & astronomy; had a huge library)
❖ an inventor (example: clock that told time & the day of the week)
❖ a naturalist & scientist
❖ an architect (completely self-taught; designed his own home)
❖ loved the arts (played the violin)
❖ spoke six languages
❖ a writer (Declaration of Independence)
❖ a lawyer & leader (Governor of Virginia, Secretary of State, President)
❖ began a university (University of Virginia) http://www.virginia.edu/starthere
Monticello - Jefferson’s home in Charlottesville, Virginia
Let’s explore his home a bit: http://explorer.monticello.org/
New President, New Plan
● reduce national debt
● cut military spending
● reduce number of federal workers
● eliminate most federal taxes
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Judiciary Act of 1801
Sets up more federal courts
Adams appoints people to be judges in the last moments of his Presidency.
These judges favored Federalist ideas over Democratic-Republican ideas.
To become a judge, you must receive your official commission papers.
“Midnight Judges” received their commission papers “at the last minute” of Adam’s term.
John Marshall
The 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is respected as the
one who established the Supreme Court’s strong influence on
the federal government. Legend has it that the Liberty Bell
cracked when it was rung during his funeral.
Marbury vs. Madison
One “midnight judge” (Marbury) nominee did not
get his appointment papers & sued James
Madison (secretary of state) to deliver them.
Then Marbury said the Supreme Court should
make Madison deliver them. Supreme Court said
that it did not have that authority & was
unconstitutional.
Established Judicial Review
3 principles of Judicial Review
1. The Constitution is the supreme law of
the land.
2. It is the Constitution that will be
followed if any other law is in conflict
with it.
3. The Supreme Court has the authority to
declare laws and acts unconstitutional.
McCulloch vs. Maryland
● Congress does have
implied powers
● states cannot tax the
federal government
Gibbons vs. Ogden
● federal law supercedes
state law when more
than one state is
involved
● supported interstate
commerce
Worcester vs. Georgia
● states cannot regulate
Native Americans…
● … but the federal
government can.