The Beginning of the U.S.
And it’s all because of the Constitution!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=oT7dMHAiCfs
Washington, the President
http://www.y
outube.com/
watch?v=A3
8mW2Il48k
• when Washington took Office, new country in debt
(bc of American Rev. War)
• John Adams = Vice President
• Created a Cabinet (a group of advisors) of men he
knew and trusted
• hired Hamilton as Secretary of Treasury to get us out
of debt
Hamilton’s Financial Plan
• pay of all war debts
• raise govt. revenue (money) through taxes and
tariffs (taxes on imported goods)
• create a national bank to give govt. a safe place to
keep its $$$
• VERY CONTROVERSIAL!!!
Alexander Hamilton
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzH7mGt0VDE
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Sec. of Treasury (Washington’s cabinet)
Federalist Party – believed in a strong fed. govt.
govt. must encourage business & industry
Nation’s capitol: Washington D.C.
Thomas Jefferson
• Sec. of State (Washington’s cabinet)
• Democratic Republicans
• Disagreed with Hamilton about his bank, industry, and the
Federalist Party (hated him soooo much, he quit his job) and
created a new political party
– focusing on agrarian economy & state rights
• James Madison agreed with him
Farewell Address
• Avoid Political Parties!!!
• He warned they could seriously weaken the unity of America… do
you agree?
• He pushed for neutrality (becoming an unpopular idea) between
war in France & Great Britain… in the end, did not serve a 3rd term as
president
• John Adams becomes the next U.S. President (with two political
parties leading the way)
John Adams
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=B0PE_kC-3EY
• Famous leader, cousin of Sam, fighting for independence in
Massachusetts, American representative in Europe
(negotiating peace)
• President after Washington (he was the 1st VP)
• Ran again in next election, but lost to Jefferson
Federalists vs. Antifederalists
• Federalists = wanted strong national
govt.
• Anti-federalists = feared strong central
govt. and wanted to ensure people’s
rights
• Political parties develop because… of
disagreements on the role of govt.
U.S. Supreme Court
Marbury vs. Madison
• Marbury (a Federalist), a hopeful Justice of the Peace judge
petitioned to Supreme Court because Jefferson’s sec. of state,
Madison, (both DRs) withheld his commission… dirty trick
• Supreme Court denied Marbury’s petition because his claim was
unconstitutional
• judicial review: power of a court to review actions on whether or
not it is constitutional
http://www.
youtube.co
m/watch?v
=3TVkeR
UvX_U
John Marshall
• Marshall:– sec. of state under Adams & chief
justice of Supreme Court
• Marshall declared Supreme Court had judicial review
power & the power of federalism (aka enumerated powers)
• Supreme Court became a co-equal branch of govt. &
preserved Federalists’ views
Checks & Balances
• 3 branches (separate but equal)
– legislative: makes laws
– executive: enforces laws
– judicial: interprets laws & judicial review
SUMMARY
• QUIZ TIME
• 1. Which president created the
Cabinet (a group of advisors)?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
John Adams
Alexander Hamilton
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
• 2. Which framer created a national
bank to pay off all war debts?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
John Adams
Alexander Hamilton
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
• 3. Which future president creates
the first political party – coined the
Democratic Republicans – who
strongly believed in antifederalism?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
John Adams
Alexander Hamilton
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
• 4. The court case of Marbury vs.
Madison established what
precedent?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
Checks and balances
Separation of powers
Judicial review
Anti-federalism
• 5. Which individual gave the
Supreme Court the power of
judicial review?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
John Jay
John Roberts
John Adams
John Marshall