ANP 214 Concepts to Know—Exam 2
THESE ARE REVIEW CONCEPTS DESIGNED TO HELP YOU STUDY FOR THE
MULTIPLE CHOICE PORTION OF THE EXAM. NOTE THAT SOME OF THESE
CONCEPTS ARE DUPLICATED ON YOUR “STRUCTURES TO KNOW” LIST
Know:
Functions of blood
Composition of blood
Plasma protein types and one function for each type
Red blood cells—functions and anatomy, and how RBCs are recycled by body
How RBCs are formed
5 types of WBCs and one function for each type
How WBCs are formed
A qualitative description of coagulation (three phases, the three pathways, and the end
result; i.e. the common pathway and the proteins involved)
Major vessels leading into and out of the heart
Chambers of the heart
Valves of the heart
The three layers of the heart
Circulation of blood through the chambers
What makes the heart sounds
The specifics of an ECG (what is the p-wave? The QRS complex? The t-wave?)
Nodes of the heart
The details of contractile action potential, and the significance of the long plateau period
How the cardiac cycle works
Definitions for end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and stroke volume
The structural differences between veins and arteries
Capillary structure (i.e. fenestrated vs. continuous)
How the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems regulate heart rate and
contractility
At least two hormones and their effect on heart rate
You should know the seven types of non-specific immune responses
How does cell-mediated immunity work?
What are MHCs, and what do they do?
How does antibody-mediated immunity work? What links the two?
What is the difference between a primary and a secondary response?
How do the complement pathways work?
What are the steps in NK cell activation?