Organic Chem Review Sheet
Part 1
Organic compounds have carbon atoms
Can share one, two, or three pairs of electrons
Organic compounds are molecular (covalently bonded)
Carbon bonds form a tetrahedral shape
Boiling point goes up as molecule gets bigger (greater intermolecular attraction)
Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
Butane has 2 isomers Pentane has 3
As number of carbon atoms in chain increase number of isomers increase
Hydrocarbons contain only hydrogen and carbon
Homologous series differ only in number of carbons in chain
Saturated compounds only single bonds (alkanes)
Unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds (alkenes and alkynes)
Prefixes listed in table P according to number of carbon atoms in molecule
Alkanes – CnH2n + 2 all single bonds end in ane
Alkenes – CnH2n contain double bond end in ene
Alkynes – CnH2n – 2 contain triple bond end in yne
Number preceeding alkenes and alkynes represents location of double or triple bond
Alcohols contain at least one OH
1 OH monohydroxy 2 OH dihydroxy 3 OH trihydroxy
Name by dropping e and adding ol.
Number before alcohol represents carbon that OH is attached to
1,2 Ethanediol (ethylene glycol) - antifreeze - dihydroxy alcohol
1,2,3 Propanediol (glycerol or glycerin) – in fats – trihydroxy alcohol
Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to the end carbon
Methanal is formaldehyde. CHO
Ketones contain a carbonyl group on a carbon not at the end of the chain
Minimum carbons in ketone is 3. Pentanone and up require number to tell where the CO
is attached.
Propanone is Acetone