CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION CPR
Done by:
MS.Salmah Awad
Out line:
 Introduction
 What is CPR
 The heart and pulmonary system
 Why you Start CPR Immediately?
 Sequence of CPR
 Main stages of resuscitation ( A,B,C)
 Check responsiveness
 When Can I Stop CPR?
 Injuries Related to CPR
 Choking( definition, causes, signs of choking)
 Rescue action in choking
Introduction
For the life to continue, the body requires an
adequate supply of oxygen . If a casualty is
deprived of oxygen, the brain begins to fail,
after 3 or 4 minutes without oxygen, casualty
will lose consciousness  the heart &
breathing will stop  death will result.
What is CPR?
 It is a sequence of techniques used to
sustain life in the absence of spontaneous
breathing and heart beat
 Together chest compressions and rescue
breath are called cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
 The aim of CPR is to maintain victim's
breathing and circulation until emergency aid
arrives.
Why Start CPR Immediately
 Life threatening .
 Brain damage starts in 4-6
minutes
 Brain damage occur after 10
minutes without CPR
Sequence of CPR:
 Check responsiveness
 Call for help
 Correctly place the victim and ensure the
open airway
 Check the presence of spontaneous
respiration
 Check pulse
 Start CPR
7
Main stages of resuscitation
A (Airway) – ensure open airway by preventing
the falling back of tongue
B (Breathing) – start artificial ventilation of
lungs
C (Circulation) – restore the circulation by
external cardiac compression
8
Check responsiveness:
 Responsiveness
Tap shoulder and
shout “Are you
ok?”
A – Airway
Open the airway
•-Head tilt chin lift Place one hand over the
forehead and tilt the head back.
•Pick out any obvious obstruction from the mouth.
10
B – Check For Breathing
Look, listen and feel for
breathing
No longer than 10 seconds
second
-If the victim is breathing:
Place in recovery position
-If the victim is NOT breathing:
Ask for help and Give 2 rescue
breaths for fife times then
check for signs of circulation
Mouth to Mouth Barrier Devices
 Masks
 Shields
B (Breathing)
•Make sure that airway is open.
•Pinch the nose & open the
victim’s mouth.
•If you have a face shield or
pocket mask place it over the
victim’s mouth.
• Take a breath and place your
lips over around the victim’s
mouth.
•Blow steadily into the victim’s
mouth until the chest rises
•Maintaining open airway, take
your mouth off and see if chest
falls.
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How to check for circulation:
 Maintain a head tilt with one hand on the victim’s
forehead
 Locate the trachea with 2 or 3 fingers of the other hand
 Slide these fingers where you can feel the carotid pulse
 Palpate for at least 5 seconds and no more than 10
seconds
 If signs of circulation exist:
Continue rescue give 1 breath every 3
seconds, every 2 minutes recheck
pulse.
 If victim start to breath turn him into
recovery position
 If signs of circulation are absent:
Begin giving chest compressions (
start CPR )
Compressions

Make sure the victim is lying on his back
on hard surface

Put the heel of one hand on the center of
the victim’s bare chest between the
nipples

Put the heel of your other hand on top of
the first hand.

Straighten your arms & position your
shoulders directly over your hands.
Chest compression continue:
 Push hard and fast 1.5 to 2
inches with each compression
 At the end of each
compression, allow the chest
to recoil completely
 Deliver compression at a rate
of 100 compression per
minute
Rate of compression to breathing:
Compression rate for adult :
30:2
When Can I Stop CPR?
 Victim survive
 Trained help arrives
 Cardiac arrest longer than 30 minutes
How to place in recovery position
Injuries Related to CPR
 Rib fractures
 Laceration related to the tip of
the sternum
(Liver, lung, spleen)
Choking
 Obstruction of the air way by foreign body(
food , object….)
causes of Choking:
 The tongue is the most common
obstruction in the unconscious
victim
 Foreign body
 Foods
 Swelling (allergic reactions/
irritants)
 Spasm (water is inhaled
suddenly)
Signs of choking
 Poor or no air exchange
 Week, ineffective cough or no






cough at all
High pitch noise while
inhaling or no noise at all
Increased respiratory difficulty
Possible cyanosis
Unable to speak
Clutching the neck with the
thump and fingers, ,making the
universal choking sign
unable to move air.
Standing or sitting responsive adult:



Activate the emergency response system.
Stand behind the victim and wrap your
arms around the victim’s waist.
Make a fist with one hand

Place the thumb side of your fist against
the victim’s abdomen, in the midline.

Grasp your fist with the other hand and
press into the abdomen with a quick upward
thrust

Repeat until object expelled or victim’s
become unresponsive.
Lying down responsive adult:
If you find a responsive
adult lying down,
perform abdominal
thrusts with the victim
lying down
Pregnant and obese victims;
Instead of abdominal thrusts
Perform chest thrusts
References:
 BLS for health care providers, Student
manual .American heart association AHA
2006
 Fundamentals Of Nursing Procedures
Book Second year Nursing,2008
 First Aid Manual .
Thank you