FIRST AID UNIT: REVIEW
First Aid: The immediate, temporary care given to an ill or injured person
until professional medical care can be provided.
Universal precautions: Actions taken to prevent the spread of disease by
treating all blood and body fluids as if they are contaminated.
Basic precautions include:
1) Wear protective gloves when handling bodily fluids
2) Use a mouthpiece to provide CPR/Rescue breathing
3) Wash hands before and after providing care
Good Samaritan Law: This law may protect you from legal liability as long
as you act in good faith while providing emergency care.
Check-Call-Care – These are the first steps taken in an emergency
situation:
Check: Check the scene and the victim
Call: Call for help 911
Care: Provide care for the victim
** If dealing with a child or infant with a breathing emergency you must change the
order of response to 1) Check 2) Care – at least 1 minute of CPR 3) Call
BREATHING EMERGENCIES
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
Anaphylaxis: A severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening.
Treatment: Give adrenaline injection (Epi-Pen) in the thigh of the victim
and monitor victim closely. Get medical attention immediately.
CHOKING
Choking: An object lodged in the airway, preventing the essential flow of
oxygen.
Treatment:
If the victim is forcefully coughing, encourage continued coughing.
If the victim cannot speak, cough, or breathe - have someone else call 911.
Perform the Heimlich maneuver – Give “J” thrusts to force out object
ABC’s
Airway: Open the airway by doing a head tilt/chin lift.
Breathing: Look, listen and feel for breathing
Compressions: Compress the chest 2 inches on an adult (8+ “hard & fast”
* CAB: The order to follow in a breathing emergency
):
Cardiopulmonary Rescuscitation (CPR
The letters in CPR stand for cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
combination of rescue breathing (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation) and
chest compressions. If a child isn't breathing or circulating blood
adequately, CPR can restore circulation of oxygen-rich blood to the
brain. Without oxygen, permanent brain damage or death can occur in
less than 8 minutes.
AED (Automated External Defibrillator):
A device that delivers an electric shock to the heart to restore its normal
rhthym.
If a victim is unresponsive & NOT breathing: Perform CPR
Give 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths: You should complete 5 cycles
of CPR in 2 minutes.
Steps for a Breathing Emergency.
1. Check the scene for safety.
2. Call 911 – Send someone to get an AED
3. Begin Chest Compressions (30 chest compressions/2 breaths)
4. Hook up the AED as soon as it arrives on the scene.