EFFECTIVE
LECTURING
Dr. Mohammed O. Al-Rukban
Associate Professor of Family Medicine
Believe it or Not
The
believability of what we
communicate is influenced:
 7%
by words.
 38% by tone of voice.
 55% by body language.
Believe it or Not
 The
impact of visuals on memory
retention shows that they are very
effective in reinforcing what you say.
Retention____
After 3h
After 3 days
Tell only
70%
10%
Show only
72%
20%
Show & tell 85%
65%
Believe it or Not
A
study on the effect of lecture
information density on medical
student achievement indicated
that: increasing the information
density of a lecture reduced
retention of the basic information
 During the Lecture, Maximum
student concentration rose in
:10-15min
What do we remember?
• 20% of what we read
• 30% of what we hear
• 40% of what we see
• 50% of what we say
• 60% of what we do
• 90% of what we read, hear, see,
say and do
Forgetting curve
Principles of Adult Learning
* Purposeful (match needs)
* Active
* Need clear objectives
* Need feedback
Teaching Strategy
*
Set (preparation)
*
Dialogue
*
Closure
Teaching Strategy
( Set )
* Roles
* Objectives / Outline
Preparation
List the steps for presentation
preparation
Criticize the different types of
audiovisual aids
Identify the ideal slide preparation
Recognize the different interactive
techniques
Preparation
Organize the material thoroughly
Chose 3 main points
Prepare more material than
expected
Check A/V as this will guide the
presentation
Preparing for a lecture, Consider:
 Students
( prior knowledge /
assumptions )
 Major points (concrete examples /
linking to student own experience )
 Logical structure.
 Connections with previously covered
material.
 Fitting into overall plan.
Teaching Strategy
( Set )
* Roles
* Objectives / Outline
* Environment
Environment
Location
Room size
Room temperature
Chairs
Doors and windows
Lightening
Timing
Setting tone
Teaching Strategy
(Dialogue)
* Questions
* Silence
‫إثارة االنتباه بالصمت‬
‫قال النبي ‪‬‬
‫مخاطبا ً أصحابه في الحج ‪:‬‬
‫أي شهر هذا ؟ قلنا هللا ورسوله أعلم‪ ،‬فسكت حتى‬
‫ظننا أنه سيسميه بغير أسمه‪ ،‬قال أليس هذا ذا‬
‫الحج؟ قلنا بلى ‪ ،‬ثم سأل بنفس الطريقة أي بلد هذا‬
‫؟ وأي يوم هذا ؟ وفي كل مرة يسكت قبل الجواب ثم‬
‫قال أن دمائكم وأموالكم وأعراضكم عليكم حرام‬
‫كحرمة يومكم هذا في شهركم هذا في بلدكم هذا ؟‬
Responding Skills
* Negative Response
* Positive response
* Follow-up questions
* Re-direct the question
* Repeat Students Answers
Teaching Strategy
(Dialogue)
* Questions
* Understanding
How do I Promote Understanding
* Limit key points to 3-5
* Emphasize key points
* Summarize after each key point
* Use a variety of examples, diagrams
and illustrations
‫أمثلة من القرآن الكريم‬
‫( ألم تر كيف ضرب هللا مثالً كلمة طيبة كشجرة‬
‫طيبة أصلها ثابت وفرعها في السماء تؤتى أكلها‬
‫كل حين بإذن ربها ) إبراهيم‬
‫( وأضرب لهم مثل الحيوة الدنيا كماء أنزلنه من‬
‫نبات األرض فأصبح هشيما ً‬
‫ُ‬
‫السماء فاختلط به‬
‫مقتدرا) الكهف‬
‫تذروهُ الرياح وكان هللا على كل ش ٍئ‬
‫ً‬
‫أمثلة من السنة المطهرة‬
‫(إن مثل المؤمن الذي يقرأ القرآن كمثل األترجه‬
‫طعمها طيب وريحها طيب )‬
‫( إن من الشجر شجرة ال يسقط ورقها وإنها مثل‬
‫المسلم حدثوني ما هي ؟ )‬
‫استخدام الرسومات للتوضيح والبيان في‬
‫التعليم النبوي‬
‫خط رسول هللا ‪ ‬خطا ً ثم قال هذا سبيل هللا‬
‫مستقيما ً ‪ ،‬وخط عن يمينه وشماله ثم قال هذه‬
‫السبل ليس فيها سبيل اال عليها شيطان يدعو اليه‬
‫ثم قرأ) وأن هذا صراطي مستقيما ً فاتبعوه وال‬
‫تتبعوا السبل فتفرق بكم عن سبيله (‬
Local Changes in Digestive Tract
Receptors in Digestive Tract
Intrinsic Nerve
Plexuses
Extrinsic
Autonomic Nerves
Gastrointestinal
Hormones
Smooth Muscle
Exocrine Gland
Endocrine Gland
Short
Reflex
Long
Reflex
Hormonal
Response
Local Changes in Digestive Tract
Receptors in Digestive Tract
Gastrointestinal
Hormones
Smooth Muscle
Exocrine Gland
Endocrine Gland
Hormonal
Response
Local Changes in Digestive Tract
Receptors in Digestive Tract
Extrinsic
Autonomic Nerves
Smooth Muscle
Exocrine Gland
Endocrine Gland
Long
Reflex
Local Changes in Digestive Tract
Receptors in Digestive Tract
Intrinsic Nerve
Plexuses
Smooth Muscle
Exocrine Gland
Endocrine Gland
Short
Reflex
Local Changes in Digestive Tract
Receptors in Digestive Tract
Intrinsic Nerve
Plexuses
Extrinsic
Autonomic Nerves
Gastrointestinal
Hormones
Smooth Muscle
Exocrine Gland
Endocrine Gland
Short
Reflex
Long
Reflex
Hormonal
Response
Teaching Strategy
(Dialogue)
* Questions
* Understanding
* Presentation skills
Presentation Skills
*Introduction
* Eye contact
* Body gesture
* Facial expression
* Movements
* Speech
‫وضوح الكالم في الخطاب النبوي‬
‫عن عائشة‪ ‬قالت ‪:‬‬
‫كان كالم رسول هللا كالما ً فاصالً يفهمه كل‬
‫من سمعه ‪.‬‬
Effective Lecture
interaction
Teacher
Learner
Interactive Lecture
Interactive Presentation
Definition:
Interactive presentation implies active
involvement and participation by the
audience so they are no longer passive
in the learning process.
Yvonne Steinert & Linda S. Snell, 1999
HOW??
Teaching Strategy
(Dialogue)
* Questions
* Understanding
* Presentation skills
* Timing
Teaching Strategy
( CLOSURE )
* Review
* Observe non-verbal communication
* Summary
* Get feedback ( 2 minute essay )
* Termination (Take Home Massage)
How can I improve my lecture
Get Feedback
* Student ( verbal & written )
* Peer consultation
* Tape your lecture
CHECKLIST
FOR
EFFECTIVE LECTURING

Be Prepared
* Outline Clear Objectives
* Develop an Outline
* Limit main points to 3– 5
* Plan for Diverse Learners

Engage Your Audience
* Focus Attention
* Share Your Outline
* Exhibit Enthusiasm
* Give Students Time to Think
and Opportunities to Respond

Get Feedback
* Observe non-verbal Communication
(note-taking , face expressions
and eye contact )
* Ask about areas of confusion
Summary
 Be
prepared and chose three important
points, issues for your presentation
 Eye contact, voice, and body gesture are
the areas needed much to convey your
message to the audience (interactive
technique)
 Find out the audio-visual available, and
have a backup plan
 Change the mode of delivery every 15 min
and keep it interactive.
QQQQQ???