Pathophysiology Introduction What is pathophysiology? A subject to explore the rule of origin and evolution of disease processes and the fundamental mechanisms. Difference from Physiology Also named: Physiopathology Physiology of Disease Physiology of Disordered Function Difference from Pathology Pathophysiology focuses on the functional and metabolic alterations and the mechanisms Why is Pathophysiology Important? As a bridge not between the basic science and diseases but various basic sciences . Enabling the students, clinicians and other practitioners to understand why and how diseases develop and various clinical manifestations appear, and what are the fundamental mechanisms. Major Points in Learning Pathophysiology The general concepts The etiology and pathogenesis The alterations in metabolism and functions The principles for the prevention and therapies Concept of Disease Disease is referred as aberrant manifestation of deregulated homeostasis caused by harmful agents. The development of a disease is definitely a pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms involved in the whole body or any of its parts. Concept of Health Health is the state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease. The definition of health from WHO: Health indicates not only without any evidence of disease, but also a state of complete well-being physically, psychologically and socially. Etiology of disease Etiology is used to study the causative agents including microorganisms, environmental, social factors and personal habits as contributing factors that causes disease. Answer the question why disease happens. Etiological factors Extrinsic Factors Biological agents Chemical agents Physical agents Nutritional imbalance Etiological factors Intrinsic Factors Genetic factors Congenital factors Immunological factors Psychological factors Predisposing factors Genetic constitution Physiological diathesis Psychological characteristics Precipitating Factors Natural conditions Physical condition Social condition Pathogenesis of disease Disruption of homeostasis Process of damage and anti-damage Reversal role of cause and result Correlation between systemic and local regulations Outcome of disease Complete recovery Incomplete Death recovery Brain Death (WHO criteria ) Cessation of spontaneous respiration Irreversible coma Absence of cephalic reflexes and dilated pupils Absence of any electrical activity of the brain Absence of brain blood flow Thanks