ALDEHYDES
INTRODUCTION
• Aldehydes are organic compounds which have a
carbonyl functional group, C=O with at least one
hydrogen
3,4- dimethyl pentanal
2- chloro propanal
2- ethyl pentanal
3- hydroxy butanal
SYNTHESIS OF ALDEHYDES
• Oxidation of Alcohols:
Aldehydes can be prepared by oxidation of
alcohols.
O
ǁ
CH3 – CH2 – OH [O] CH3 – C – H
• Acyl Chloride reduction:
Aldehydes can be prepared by reduction of acyl
chloride.
O
O
ǁ
ǁ
[H O]
R – C – Cl
R–C–H
2
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• Inter molecular forces in aldehydes are stronger
than alkanes and ethers but weaker than
alcohols.
• Aldehydes do not have hydrogen bonding but can
make hydrogen bonds with water.
• Aldehydes with five or fewer carbon atoms are
fairly soluble in water. Large aldehydes dissolve in
non polar solvents.
• The boiling points of aldehydes increases with
increase in the molecular size due to increase in
the inter molecular forces.
REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES
(Chemical Properties)
• OXIDATION:
Aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids.
• REDUCTION:
Aldehydes can be reduced to primary alcohols.
Uses Of aldehydes
• Aldehydes are used for many things such as
perfumes and flavorings. Other uses of
Aldehydes include disinfectants and dying
items. Aldehyde is also used in Bake Lite.