CHINA
Fig. 10-5a, p. 278
ARID CHINA

Sparse
Population
Wet China

Heavily
Populated
CHINA
 4th
Largest Area in World
 1st in Population
Population
- Coast
- Rivers
The One-Child Policy
• urban parents required to
have only one child
• tax and education
benefits restricted to first
child only
• rural families often given
exemption
• loss of girls through
abortion (as many as 40
million)
Urban China


31% Urbanized
360 Million in cities
Ethnic Groups
Other
8%
Han
92%
Han
Other
Language



Chinese...
Spoken Chinese
varies…Mandarin,
Cantonese, etc.
Written Chinese is
ideographic…
Characters rather
than alphabet
(click for details)
Ancient Chinese Philosophy
th
(6 Century B.C.)

Confucius
Concerned with duty, ritual,
order, morality, respect, and
proper government

Taoism
The Tao in Tao de Ching
Lao-Tsu
Concerned with nature,
harmony, flow, peace
Silk Road
Colonial
Spheres
Recent History

Republic of China
1911-1949
Nationalists Ruled
– Chinese Presidents
Sun Yat-Sen 
Chiang Kai-Shek
1949, Lost Civil War
– Fled to…
People’s
Republic of
China
 1949-Present
Communist…
 Mao Zedong

1949-1976
People’s
Republic of
China

Great Leap Forward (19581962)
20-30 million starved as
plows turned into industrial
iron

Cultural Revolution (1958 –
1976)
Attempt to remove capitalist
and colonial ideas and
persons from power
Economic Liberalization



Premier Deng Xiaoping (1977-1997) cracked down
on Tiananmen Square Protestors but publicly stated
that “To get rich is glorious.”
Policy is called “Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics.”
Special Economic Zones
5 established
Foreign investment incentives…
– Low taxes
– Easier import/export regulations
– Simplified land leases

Open Cities
14 coastal cities…
National investment focused on 4
China’s
Economic
Zones
Manchuria
Northeast China
 X Cold Winter
 Forested
 Harbin

Russians…

Japan 1931-45
Mines, Factories
North China


Hot, Rainy Summer
Very Cold, Dry
Winter
Winter Monsoon
North China

Huang He
“Yellow River”
–Silt
Floods
North China
Ancient Chinese
Civilization
 Xi’an…

Xi’an

Emperor Qin, 200 BC

1974 Discovery…
North China
Plain




Excellent Soil
Farming
Wheat
Mandarin Cuisine
Noodles
Beijing



2nd Largest City…
Chinese Capital for 1000 Years
Forbidden City…
Beijing – Forbidden City
Beijing – Forbidden City
Great
Wall
Great Wall
200 BC
 Built to hold
back Mongols
 Failed; Kublai
Kahn was
great Mongol
emperor

Great Wall
Great Wall
Chang Jiang

“Yangtze River”
Deep
Good for Shipping
Shanghai
 Largest
City…
 Colonial Capital
 Seaport
The “Bund”
Shanghai

Economic Center
Chang Gorges
3 Gorges Dam on
Yangtze River
 Hydro Power = 18
nuclear plants
 Massive Lake
 Displace 1,400,000

Figure 13-D, p. 365
South China
Xi River
Xi (Hsi)
River


Hot & Humid
Rice
DoubleCropping

Food &
Language…
Cantonese
Rice
Harvest
Limestone Towers
Hong Kong

Largest City, S. China
Hong Kong Harbor
Hong Kong
 British
Colony
 Due to Opium War
British Vs. China, 1830s
Fought over access to trade and trade
goods
 Was
returned to China in 1997
Tibet
Tibet

High Plateau & Mtns
15,000’
“Roof of the World”
Cold, Dry
Yaks
Tibetan Buddhism
Lama 
 Dalai Lama

God-King

Communist Invasion
1950s
Dalai Lama Fled
Xinjiang
Xinjiang

Deserts & Mtns
People of Xinjiang
Muslim
 Silk Road Route
 Uighur Language related to Turkish

TAIWAN
Chinese province…
Colonized by Japan 1895-1945
 Returned to China WWII
 Nationalist Government
fled to Taiwan during
Mao’s Revolution
 Recognized as the “True
China” by U.S. in 1947
 Tension Remains


TAIWAN
"One Country, Two
Systems".
TAIWAN - Economy
Few Resources
 High-Tech Industries
 Very Developed

$17,400 per capita in Taiwan
$ 3,600 in China