System and Software
Architecting Views
Elliot Axelband
10/24/06
Views and Viewpoints
• Consider a Building as a Metaphor for a System
• Applicable Views
– Esthetic View
– User/Functional/Operational View
– Structural View
– Electrical View
– Heating/Air Conditioning View
– Etc.
– Building and Operating Costs - Financial View
– Codes & Applicable Restrictions - Technical View
– Time line/Schedule View (Concept, Design, Build,
Use/Sustain, Retire - The Life Cycle)
• Each View is the Viewpoint of a View holder
• Views are Domain Specific
Frameworks
• Categories for Organizing Views
• DoDAF (DoD Architecture Framework)
– Technical View - All applicable codes and
Restrictions
– Operational View - How the System will be
used - The CONOPS
– System View - How the System is Defined
- What it is
What is a System?
• “Systems Architecting - Creating & Building Complex
(Innovative) Systems”, Rechtin
• “The Art of Systems Architecting”, Maier and Rechtin
• “A system is a set of different elements so connected
or related as to perform a unique function not
performable by the elements alone”
• E.g.: An automobile (the system) provides
transportation not provided by its components
(subsystems) alone: the motor, transmission,
suspension, body, etc.
• Note: The subsystems of systems are often systems
• Note: The concept of systems has broad application
to different domains: buildings, automobiles,
computers, “stand-alone” software, computer chips,
commercial and military aircraft, organizations,
businesses (enterprises - Enterprise SE),
universities…
F-35, Joint Strike Fighter
• In Development
• Provides very advanced Capabilities
(Complex and Innovative)
• Largest Military Procurement - $400B,
>2000A/C
• 30,000 # plus, >10K parts,One Pilot,17M
LOC
• 3 Variants for US Application - Air Force,
Navy, Marine
• National and Multi-National Partners and
Multi-National Users
• Fully Networked
F-35 Architecture
Air Vehicle Sysem
Air Vehicle
Manufacturing Operations
(Facility, Equipment, Layout, Supplier Mgmt, ..)
Airframe/Strucures
Air Vehicle Equipment
Sensors
Mission Equipment
Fusion Processor,
Processing
Displays, etc
Logictics and Support
(Fault Isolation, Prognostics, Spares, Training)
F-35 Architecture - Systems &
Software, It’s Everywhere
Air Vehicle Sysem
System Engineering and Software
Air Vehicle
Manufacturing Operations
(Facility, Equipment, Layout, Supplier Mgmt, ..)
Airframe/Strucures
Air Vehicle Equipment
Sensors
Mission Equipment
Fusion Processor,
Processing
Displays, etc
Logictics and Support
(Fault Isolation, Prognostics, Spares, Training)
Defense System Life Cycle
Source: DAU Handbook
Defense System Development
Verification and Validation
System
Need
System
System
Design
System
Subsystem
Design
Subsystem
Component
Design
Decomposition
Component
Buy/Code/
Manufacture
Integration & Test
Requirements - Design - Manufacture - Assemble - Test
Time
Defense System Development-1
Verification and Validation
System
Need
System*
System
Design
System
Subsystem
Design
Component
Design
Decomposition
Subsystem
Component
Buy/Code/
Manufacture*
Integration
Requirements - Design - Manufacture - Assembly - Test
Time
•Redesign is a part of Design; Design is Experimental & Iterative;Spiral Development
• It takes 3 passes through the Development Process to field a Production System:
- 1st when System* is a Prototype (SDD),
- 2nd when Manufacture* is a Prototype (LRP),
- 3rd at the start of Full Rate Production
Incremental Development
Feed back
MS B
MS C
CDD
MS A
JROC
DAB
CPD
AoA
CD
Technology
Dev elopment
Concept
Refinement
DAB
JROC
DAB
Increm
Increment
ent 1
1
Demo
MS B
Demo
MS C
Increm ent 2
MS B
Demo
MS C
Increm ent 3
Source: DAU Handbook
A Research Agenda for CSSE
•
•
•
•
Redesign is part of design. It will never be completely eliminated. But
there is huge payoff in reducing it
Redesign can be reduced by better predictive system design tools, that
is, Modeling and Simulation Predictive Design Tools
Modeling is domain dependent, so a broad set of technical skills and an
emphasis on collaboration is required
Such a Research Agenda plays to CSSE and USC strengths
– A Research University with a broad set of skills and an emphasis
on internal collaboration (ORUs) and external collaboration (MOUs)
– USC’s Computing* Emphasis: Petacomputing, New Faculty Req’ts
– CSSE’s record of collaboration and accomplishment with
COCOMO*, COSISMO and other cost estimation M&S Predictive
Design Tools
– Other opportunities, a sampler:
• Weight Estimation, Product Cost Estimation
• Scaleable MANET Networks, IA Net-centric Issues
• Software/Software compatibility, Software/Hardware
Compatibility, Integration Maturity, Risk Management
• Logistics for Incremental Procurements
• Human Factors*
• Efficient Manufacture****
Research
• Funding
– “If there’s Money, the Faculty will come”
– Industrial Affiliates
– NSF, DARPA - Not yet in systems, but growing
interest
• INCOSE Vision
– Growing DoD Interest
• Competition - A good thing
– MIT
– Georgia Tech
– Stanford
– Cornell
– Etc.
Congratulations to CSSE!
There are great opportunities to
make a difference, where it is
important to do so.