Life Science Study Guide:
Name:____________________
Test Date1. invertebrate – animal without a backbone
2. vertebrate – animal with a backbone
3. cell- a unit that makes up all living things
4. microorganism – organism too small to be seen without a microscope
5. gene – the code within DNA that has the instructions for building
different types of cells
6. inherited traits- human traits that are passed by heredity from one
generation to the next
7. learned behaviors-behaviors that an organism develops or learns after
it is born
8. classification- the act of grouping things by using a set of rules
9. bacteria-single-celled organisms that do not contain a nucleus
10. virus- a tiny particle that is not living, but can invade cells
11. Vertebrates are sorted into five groups:
1. fish: have gills and scales
2. amphibians: begin life in water and as adults live on land
3. reptiles: lay eggs, have scaly skin
4. birds: have feathers and wings; most fly
5. mammals: have hair; feed milk to their young
11.
Give two examples of learned behavior.
Riding a bike, throwing a ball, like spaghetti
12. Give two examples of inherited traits.
Eye color, hair color, height, face shape
13. How do beneficial microorganisms help your body?
1. Many foods are produced with the help of bacteria, such as yogurt and
cheese. 2. Bacteria that live in your intestines help you digest food.
14. What are some examples of harmful microorganisms?
Bacteria can cause illnesses such as strep throat. Some bacteria can
cause food poisoning. Protists can cause diseases, such as malaria.
15. How can you avoid harmful microorganisms? Wash your hands with
soap and water often. Develop other good habits: eat healthy foods,
exercise, drink lots of water, get plenty of rest.
16. What is the job of the cell membrane? The cell membrane holds
cells together and separates the cell from its surrounding. It allows
some substances to pass through the cell while keeping others out.
17. What is cytoplasm? A gel-like material that surrounds the internal
parts of a cell
18. What is the job of the nucleus? The nucleus directs cell activity
and carries information
19. What are the two parts a plant cell contains that are not in an
animal cell? Cell wall-supports and protects the cell; Chloroplast-makes
food
20. Plant cell
Animal cell