DO NOW MONDAY
• Find your new assigned seat.
• Write one thing (or more) that you
enjoyed most about your Christmas
break.
• Today’s PLAN
– To be prepared for second semester in
8th Grade Science
– To illustrate Mastery on first semester 8th Grade
Learning Targets
• Todays DO
– We will review CLASS EXPECTATIONS
– We will look at and retake semester test (if necessary)
and/or do enrichment over first semester learning
targets
– We will prepare our binders for second semester
CLASS EXPECTATIONS
1) Be on time.
2) Be prepared for class before class
begins.
3) Sit down and begin work on your DO
NOW as soon as you enter the
classroom.
4) Speak ONLY when given permission.
5) Get up out of your seat ONLY when
given permission.
Enrichment Directions
• Work with a partner.
• Go to my teacher website from the BCMS
homepage.
• Click on the Gizmos Website link under
Files/Links.
• Click on Login/Enroll at the top of the page.
• Username is dyerclass1
• Password is bcms2015
• Click on Find Gizmos at the top of the page.
• Type in Mouse Genetics
• Click on Mouse Genetics (One Trait)
• Click on Launch Gizmo.
• Follow the directions and complete the questions
in the packet.
Tuesday, January 5th
Do Now:
• Copy the Learning Targets in your
binder:
“I can…
Target 1: Matter
1.1 Contrast matter energy
1.2 Classify matter by phase and composition
1.3 Describe energy transfers associated with phase
changes
Concept Connection Map:
• Word List:
principal
math
teacher
homework
school
students
Barren Middle
Pre-Assessment:
Concept Mapping Activity
• Create a concept
map using the
following words:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Matter
Chemistry
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Melting
Freezing
•
•
•
•
•
Temperature
Energy
Mass
Volume
Density
Taking Notes:
please copy…
• Matter is anything that has mass and
occupies space
Describing Matter:
• How would you describe the table?
• How could you describe your chair?
Properties (Characteristics) of Matter –
•how it is described
•Hot, cold, hard, soft, rough, smooth, shiny, dull,
solid, liquid, gas, etc.
•Boiling Point, Melting Point, Freezing point
Phases of Matter
• Phases (states) of matter:
– Tells us about the arrangement and
motion of the particles that make up the
matter
•
•
•
•
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Matter: Video Clip
• While viewing consider the states of
matter.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guoU_cuR8EE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYFAj50c7xM
Phases of Matter Notes
• You will take notes over the four
states of matter on the graphic
organizer (chart) given to you.
Solid
• Particles (atoms or molecules) are packed closely together and
stay in a fixed position
• Movement consists of vibrating particles staying in place
• Two types of Solids
– Crystalline Solid – particles in a distinct pattern, melt at a specific
distinct temperature. Examples include sugar, salt, ice, quartz, etc.
– Amorphous Solid – particles arranged in an irregular pattern,
therefore no real distinct melting point. As heat is applied to an
amorphous solid, the substance changes from hard to softer and
softer until a liquid. Examples include rubber, plastic, glass, and
chocolate!
Liquid
• No shape of its own, takes on the shape of the
container, but it has a definite volume
• Particles in a liquid – atoms are loosely bound and are
free to flow and move, sliding easily over , under, and
across each other but remaining in contact w/ one
another.
• Viscosity – resistance of a liquid to flow:
– high viscosity: “thick”; slow flowing (molasses in January)
– low viscosity: “thin”; fast flowing (pouring water)
Gas
• No shape of its own, takes the shape of the container it is in.
• No definite volume, easily compressed
Measuring Gases –
•
Three important measurements taken for gases. All three are closely related!!
Volume Temperature & Pressure
• Volume
–
Gases dissipate to evenly fill the container they occupy
•
Temperature
•
Pressure
– 1. The measurement of the average thermal energy of the particles in the gas.
– 2. The average speed of a gas molecule at room temperature is fast!! 500
meters per second!
–
–
gas particles are in constant motion and exert pressure upon the container they occupy.
Because the gas particles are in motion, they collide and bounce off each other and the
sides of the container. This contact w/ the sides of the container causes and outward
push.
Pressure = Force
Area
Plasma
• State of matter that has had the electrons
stripped away
• Particle move extremely fast
– Fire is in the Plasma state
– Glow around re-entry vehicles from space
– The Sun
Phases of Matter
Exit Slip:
• Must all things fall into the category
of solid, liquid, gas, plasma?
Draw, define, & example:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chemistry
Evaporation
Vaporization
Condensation
Sublimation
Matter
Changes in Matter
• Physical Change -A change that alters the form of a
substance but not the chemical makeup of the
substance, a change of state
– Words like: crush, smash, tear, evaporate, slice, breakdown,
dissolve, absorb, swell, burst
• Chemical Change - One or more substances combine
or decompose to form a chemically different
substance
– Words like: react, burns, forms, decomposed, rusting, sours,
rotting, digesting, cooked, molecular change
Types of Matter
• Pure Substances – Those substances made up of one kind of
matter. It has definite characteristic properties
– Elements: Contain only one type of atom, H, He, Na, Mg, C, N, O,
– Compounds: A pure substance formed by the chemical combination
of two or more elements - CO2, H2O, C6H12O6, NaCl
• Mixed Substances (Mixtures)– two or more substances that are
mixed together but not chemically combined.
– Homogeneous Mixture: a very well mixed mixture -solution of sugar
water
– Heterogeneous Mixture: not evenly mixed - handful of dirt, Rocky
Road Ice Cream,
Measuring Matter
• SI – International System of Units = the metric system
– Length – the one dimensional measurement of distance – SI unit is
Meter, Kilometer
– Mass – the amount of matter in a substance – SI unit: gram or
kilogram
– Weight – the force of gravity acting on an object – SI unit: Newton
– Volume – how much space an object occupies – SI unit: liter,
milliliter, cm3
• Solid Volume = Length x Width x Height = cm3, meter3
• Liquid Volume = liter, milliliter
• 1ml = 1cm3
– Density – the amount of mass an object has in a given volume – SI
unit: g/ml, g/cm3
• Density= Mass / Volume
– Temperature – the average kinetic energy of an object.
• 0C = Centigrade or degrees Celsius, 0K = degrees Kelvin
• 0 0C = 273 0K
– Time: unit of measure: second, minute
Measuring Matter
Particles of Matter
• Atoms – The smallest particle of an
Element that retains the chemical
properties of that element
• Democritus – 400 BC, a Greek
philosopher that coined the term
“atomos” which means “uncuttable,
indivisible”
John Dalton -1802 - The Atomic
Theory
• Ding-a-Ling!! Ding-a-Ling!!
• Atoms can not be broken into smaller pteces – atoms are
like a solid marble (Not entirely accurate)
• In an element all atoms are exactly alike (Not entirely
accurate)
• Atoms of two or more elements can combine to form
compounds ( this is true)
• Atoms of each element have a unique mass (Not entirely
accurate)
• Compounds are always composed of whole number
proportions of elements ie CO2 – Carbon dioxide, H2O –
Water, C6H12O6 – Glucose, NaCl – Table Salt (this one is
true also)
The basic particle of an Element is
the Atom – H, He, Fe, etc
The basic particle of a Compound
is the Molecule – a group of atoms
that are chemically
bonded and act as a single unit until
the bonds are broken: CO2, H2O,
C6H12O6, NaCl