Carbon Compounds Notesheet
Name:
Biology 6.0 - Section 2.3
Date:
Period:
Organic
Compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Monomer:
Monomer:
Monomer:
Monomer:
Made up of:
Made up of:
Made up of:
Made up of:
All compounds are either
, containing
and
, or
bonded to
.
The chemistry of carbon is the chemistry of life.
Carbon Bonding:
 Carbon has
electrons
o Needs

to be
Carbon readily forms
including

.
bonds with other atoms,
.
Carbon can form
,
leading to a variety of
, or
.
Single Bond
Double Bond
Triple Bond
1
Naming Hydrocarbons:
Roots/Prefixes
# of C
prefix
# of C
1
6
2
7
3
8
4
9
5
10
Suffixes
Series of
Hydrocarbon
-ending
Formula to determine # of H atoms
prefix
Type of Bond
Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
Write the names of the following:
Write the structural formulas for: ethane, heptane, 3-decyne, butane, 2-octene
2
Functional Groups
A functional group is a cluster of atoms that influence the properties of the molecules that they compose, and
determine the characteristics of the compound.
Functional
Compound
Structure
Properties
Examples
Group
Name
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
(end)
Carbonyl
(middle)
Carboxyl
Amino
Phosphate
Methyl
Sulfhydryl
3
Large Carbon Molecules

In many carbon compounds, the molecules are built up from
molecules known as

.
Monomers can bind to one another to form complex molecules known as

Large

The process of reacting
together in a chemical reaction to
or three-dimensional networks -
_____________ is the most important
compound in the body and it participates in
two important biological reactions Biological
Reaction
.
are also called
form

,
and
Description of Process
.
Illustration of Process
Hydrolysis
Dehydration
Synthesis
(Condensation)
Molecules of Life
The
main classes of organic compounds essential to all living things are all made from
____________, _________________, and ____________________ atoms, but in different
them different
giving
.
A. Carbohydrates

Made of
,
, and
with H to O in a
o Monomers are called __________________________________ - a
ratio.
sugar
o Source of
o Can be in
or
form
o Ending for sugars:

Glucose, galactose, and fructose all have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms
=

Molecular formula =
____________________ (hexoses)
____________________ (pentoses)
4
Type of Sugar
Name of Monosaccharide
Description of Sugar
Pentose
Pentose
Hexose
Hexose
Hexose
Disaccharides are ____________

________________:
_________ monosaccharides
to form
o Formed by ____________________ synthesis (aka
)
o Molecular formula =_________________
Common Disaccharides
Name of Disaccharide
2 single sugars that join to form the
disaccharide
Description of Sugar
Polysaccharides

General Formula:

Formed by __________________________________________

Long chains of
5
Name of
Polysaccharide
Description of Sugar
Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose
B. Lipids

Elements –
,
, and
- NOT
(H:0)
which store
energy
o Do not dissolve in __________________
o Lipids contain a
than
of
bonds in
o Monomers: ______________________________ and ______________________________

Fatty acids are
C-chains: (12-28 C) with a _____________ group (
) at one end
o The carboxyl end is
o The hydrocarbon end is
List three major roles of lipids in living organisms:
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________
6
Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Saturated
Fatty Acids
Unsaturated
Fatty Acids
Lipids (
bonding to
) are formed by a
molecule
.
Formed by
7
Complex Lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
C. Proteins

Elements:

Monomer: ____________ ________________ (

Each amino acid has a
Bond that joins
,
,
, ________________
different kinds)
= _________________________
Formation of a peptide bond:
8
List five functions of proteins:
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Enzymes
Enzyme + Substrate = ES complex = EP complex = Enzyme = product(s)
Denaturing Proteins

Protein that has lost its ________________________________, or __________________

Denaturing caused by:
o
____________________________________
o
____________________________________
o
____________________________________
9
D. Nucleic Acids

Large, complex organic compounds that
information in cells, using a system of
compounds to store
information, arranged in a certain order as a
for genetic instructions of the cell.

Elements:
,
,
,
, and
__________________

Monomer: ________________________
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________

Nucleotides combine, in
to form a
, and in
a

The sides of the
______________ and the

are made up of the
and the
of the ladder are
Examples of Nucleic Acids:
1.
2.
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