Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi/Revisi
: T0316/sistem Operasi
: 2005
:5
Pertemuan 2
Klasifikasi Sistem Operasi dan
Review Hardware
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• menyebutkan jenis-jenis sistem operasi serta
fungsinya pada sistem komputer (C1)
2
Outline Materi
• OS Zoo
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Main frame operating system
Server operating system
Multiprocessor operating system
PC operating system
Real time operating system
Embedded operating system
Smart card operating system
• Computer Hardware
– Processors
• Registers
• Pipeline
• System Call
– Memory
– I/O Devices
• Device driver
• I/O Methods
– Buses
3
CLASSIFICATION OF
OPERATING SYSTEM (OS ZOO)
4
OS ZOO (1)
Mainframe Operating System
- Oriented toward processing many jobs at once, most of which
needs large amount of I/O
- Three kinds of services: batch, transaction processing, and
timesharing
- Eg: OS/360, OS/390
Server Operating System
- Serve multiple users at once over the network
- Allow users to share hardware and software resources
- Eg: Unix, Windows 2000
5
OS ZOO (2)
Multiprocessor Operating System
- Connect multiple CPUs into a single system
- Need special operating system or variations on the server
operating systems
Personal Computer Operating System
- Provide good interface to a single user
- Used for word processing, spreadsheets, and internet
access
- Eg: Windows 98, Windows 2000, Macintosh, Linux
6
OS ZOO (3)
Real Time Operating System
- Key parameter  time
Hard Real-Time System
Soft Real-Time System
- Eg: VxWorks, QNX
Embedded Operating System
- Run on the computers that control devices that are not
generally thought as computers
- Palmtop computer or PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
- Eg: PalmOS, Windows CE
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OS ZOO (4)
Smart Card Operating System
- Run on smart card, credit card-sized devices containing a
CPU chip
- Severe processing power and memory constraints
- Some are Java oriented  ROM on the smart card hols an
interpreter for Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
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REVIEW PERANGKAT KERAS
9
Komponen PC
10
Processor
• Siklus dasar CPU:
– Fetch, decode dan execute instruction
General Register
berisi variables dan hasil perhitungan
sementara
Special Register
Program counter
Stack Pointer
PSW (Program Status Word)
11
Processor (2)
• Pipeline
Three stage pipeline
Superscalar CPU
System Call
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Memory
• Typical memory hierarchy
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• Struktur disk drive:
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• Nonvolatile RAM:
– ROM (Read Only Memory)
• Programmed at the factory and cannot be changed afterward
– EEPROM (Electrically Erasable ROM) and flash RAM
• Volatile memory: CMOS
– Hold the time and date, configuration parameters
• If there are multiple programs int the memory at
the same time, the problem which must be
solved:
– Protecting program from the other
– Relocation
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• One base-limit pair and two base-limit pairs
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• Virtual address
– address yang dihasilkan dari program
• Physical address
– address yang dipakai oleh memory
• MMU (Memory Management Unit)
– device yang melakukan pemeriksaan dan
mapping
• Contect switch
– peralihan dari suatu program kepada yang
lainnya
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I/O Devices
• Terdiri dari:
– Controller
• memberikan interface yang sederhana kepada
operating system
– Device
• Device driver
– software yang berhubungan dengan
controller, memberinya instruksi dan
menerima response
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• I/O dapat dilakukan dengan 3 cara:
– Busy waiting
– Interrupt
– DMA (Direct Memory Access)
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• Langkah memulai I/O device dan
mendapatkan interrupt
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• Pemrosesan interrupt
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• Buses
– Multiple bus pada Pentium
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• Dua jenis bus yang utama:
– ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)
• dari IBM
– PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
• dari Intel
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USB (Universal Serial Bus)
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
IEEE 1394 atau FireWire
Plug and Play
BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
– Held in flash RAM
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