Chapter 1
Humans In The World Of Biology
The Scientific Method
• Scientific Method
– A procedure that is used to solve problems or
answer questions.
– A way of thinking and looking at the world.
– A technique used to gather information and
reach conclusions.
Steps to the Scientific Method
Then make new
predictions and
test them
Observation
Hypothesis
Prediction
Then revise the hypothesis
If results support
hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze
Results
Conclusions
If the results do not
support hypothesis
Scientific Method continued
• Reproducibility- repeat experiments.
• Publication- publish experiments in a peer
reviewed journal.
• Scientific Theory- a broad-ranging
explanation for some aspect of the
universe that has been repeatedly
confirmed through hypothesis testing.
Scientific Method and Research
• Clinical trials- medical studies on humans.
All Living Things Share Basic
Characteristics
Living things contain nucleic
acids, proteins, carbohydrates,
and lipids
Living things are composed
of cells
Living things reproduce
Living things metabolize
Living things respond
Living things maintain homeostasis
Populations of living things
evolve and have adaptive traits
Levels of Organization
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tissue Level
Ecosystem Level
Molecular Level
Individual Level
Biosphere Level
Organ System Level
Cellular Level
Community Level
Population Level
Organ Level
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Molecular Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Individual Level
Population Level
Community Level
Ecosystem Level
Biosphere Level
Molecule
The chemical components
of cells
Cell
The basic unit of life
Tissue
Group of similar cells that
perform a common function
Organ
Two or more different tissues
that perform a common
function
Organ
System
Group of related organs that
have a common function
Individual
A single organism
Individual
A single organism
All individuals of the
Population same species that
occupy a given area
All the species in an
Community ecosystem that can
interact
Ecosystem
A community and its
physical environment
Biosphere
The part of the earth
that supports life
Classificaton of Humans- Homo sapiens L. 1758
Animalia
Chordata
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens