Objectives for Biology 1 Chapter 25 Test
1. Describe the two experiments that proved that DNA is the inherited material.
2. Describe the three components of a nucleotide and how the nucleotides are arranged on a
double stranded DNA molecule.
3. Identify the four nucleotides as purine or pyrimidine and their base pairing.
4. Explain DNA replication in detail from a single double strand to two separated double
strands. Be sure to include all enzymes associated with replication and the direction each
strand is being copied.
5. Know the difference between transcription and translation.
6. Explain transcription in detail.
7. Be able to produce a polypeptide chain given the RNA sequence and a chart of mRNA
codons (figure 25.6 on p. 507). Remember, you must bring your own chart and no other
information is allowed on the chart.
8. Explain the role of introns and exons in post-transcription. Which are retained and how
does this process help reduce the effects of mutations?
9. Describe the three stages of translation. Include tRNA and ribosomal subunits (large and
small) in your answer. Also include the E P A sites and what is happening at each.
10. Describe the four ways to control gene expression.
11. Describe the two main types of gene mutations (frameshift and point mutations). Explain
how each can occur (addition/deletion and silent/missense/nonsense) and their effect on
the gene sequence.
13. From the video, be able to explain
a. what is meant by a biomarker.
b. what current treatments target in the replication process and the affects it has on
your body.
c. the difference between genomics and proteomics.
d. what is a synthesome and what level of gene expression is causing the csPCNA.
e. how Dr. Malkas found the two forms of PCNA and how one of them is only
associated with cancer cells.
f. what is it that binds to the mutated strand that can be tagged with a radioactive
isotope or a fluorescent die.
g. what Dr. Malkas hoped her csPCNA specific antibody could be used for.
h. possibility of a therapy where one of the 5-6 compounds can be used to target just
csPCNA in breast cancer cells.