Circulatory System
Circulatory System

Directs blood _______________ to the rest of the body; and back again
3 Types of Blood Vessels
Arteries

carry blood _____________________
Veins

carry blood ____________________
Capillaries  allow for the ________________ with tissue
Arteries

Arteries have very _______________ and are lined with
_______________________ cells

Middle wall of the artery is composed of ___________ and
___________________

Outer wall is made from _______________________

Arterioles are __________________ that transport blood by _____________________________ the blood

The more arterioles that are constricting, the _________ the blood pressure
Veins

Take blood from the tissue ______________________

Small veins (called _______) drain blood from the _______

Veins often have valves that open and close; allows blood to _________________________

Capillaries

Arteries dump blood _____________________

Capillaries are ___________________________ tubes that connect to muscles.

Located ________________________; when cut you bleed

Primary role of capillaries is to _____________________
__________________to tissue; take waste away from tissue
The Heart

Size of your __________

Major portion of the heart is called the ___________; made from ______________________

Pericardium  ______________________ that surrounds the heart

Inner surface of the heart consists of __________________

Right and left sides of the heart are separated ___________

2 upper compartments are called __________

2 lower compartments are called ______________

Blood moving from atria to ventricles must move through
__________________________

AV valve on the right side is called the ______________
(has 3 flaps)

AV valve on the left side is called the ________________
(has 2 flaps)

__________________________ valve directs blood from
_____________________________

________________________________ directs blood from
_______________________ to body

Path of Blood Through the Heart
1.
Superior and ___________________________________
2.
Right Atrium ____________________________________
3.
Right Ventricle ________________________________
________________________________________
4.
Pulmonary ___________________________
5.
Pulmonary veins carry __________________________
____________________________________
6.
Left atrium ___________________________________
____________________________
7.
Left ventricle _______________________________
______________________________
8.
Aorta takes ___________________________________
Oxygenated and _______________________________
Heartbeat
Average heart beat ______________________
1.
_______________ at the same time
2.
__________________ at the same time
3.
All __________________________
Systole  ______________________________
Diastole  _____________________________
Normal Heart rate is anywhere between ___________________

The Lub-Dub of the Heart
Lub

___________________________________
Dub

________________________________
Surge of blood as ________________________ causes the walls of the _______________________
The stretching of the ________________________
Conduction of the Heartbeat
Nodal Tissue

Tissue that has both _________________
_______________. It conducts _____________________
______________________________
Sinoatrial Node

Found in the ____________________
_________________. SA node __________________by sending out an ____________________ that causes the
_________________. Called the ___________ of the heart
Atrioventricular Node  found in the_______________
________________. When ________________ reaches
AV node, __________________________________
How Does the AV Node Tell the Ventricles to Contract?
Message is conducted from _______________________
______________________________

Recording the Heart’s Beat
When the heart beats, there are __________________
_______________________________________
Electrocardiagram (EKG)
P Wave  Represents the _____________________
QRS Wave

large ____________________________
T Wave

shows ______________________________
Nervous System Control of Heartbeat
Heart rate is controlled by the ______________________
________________________________
MO regulates the ______________________, which has __ divisions
1.
Sympathetic Nervous System --> ______________
_____________________________________
2.
Parasympathetic Nervous System

____________
______________________________
Blood Pressure
BP is a measure of blood __________________________
Systolic

Pressure during _______________________
Diastolic -> pressure during _______________________
Blood pressure ____________ as you move away from the
__________________
Sphygmomanometer measures ______________________
When cuff is tightened, it ___________________________

Systolic pressure is determined as pressure that is released from cuff; _____________________________________
_______________________
Diastolic pressure is measured when ________________
(_________________)
Circulatory Disorders
Hypertension

______________________ due to stress, vessel constriction
Women: _______
Men __________
Atherosclerosis

_____________________ in the arteries; interferes with blood flow
Stroke -> ____________________________________; no oxygen, part of the brain dies
Heart Attack

________________________________
____________________; no oxygen to the heart; part of the heart dies
Varicose Veins  ______________________________.
Varicose veins in ____________________________

Your Heart & Medicine
Clearing Clogged Arteries
Angioplasty

_________________________ and run to the heart; ______________________________________
Coronary Bypass

___________________________
____________________then used to _________________
____________________________________
Dissolving Blood Clots
The drugs ___________________________________ contain __________________ (found naturally in blood), which _____________________. Usually given _______
_____________________________
People with symptoms of ______________________ are usually given ______________, which ______________
______________, lowering the ______________________
___________________________

Blood
Functions of Blood
1.
Transport of __________________________
2.
Regulate _______________________
3.
________________________
4.
Fighting _______________________
2 Parts to Blood
Lower (dense) Layer  ______________________________
________________________
Upper Layer

_______________________________ (____ of total blood)
Red Blood Cells

___________________________________
______________________________________
Hemoglobin
Respiratory __________________________________
Each RBC contains _______________________________
Each hemoglobin molecule contains _______________ called
____________________________________
Each heme group carries ______________________________
Each _________ of blood carries ___________ of oxygen
Life Cycle of RBC’s
All RBC’s are made in ___________________________
As they mature, RBC’s _______________________________
After______ days, they are ____________________________

Anemia

Insufficient _____________________________________

Individuals suffering from anemia often _______________
____________________________

Pernicious anemia

digestive tract can’t ______________
_______________________________________
White Blood Cells
Nucleated cells that ____________________
Not as ________________________
Made by ______________________
Found in ______________________________
May live for _________________
Types of WBC’s
Granular leukocytes

contain large number of _____________
______________________
Agranular leukocytes

contain _________________________
_______________________________
Granular Leukocytes
Neutrophils

most _________________; first cells to
____________________;
_______________________________
Eosinophils

Not much is known; tend to _______________
_____________________________________
Basophils  Release _____________________________
Histamines ________________________________________

Agranular Leukocytes
Monocytes

largest of ________________________
Form _____________________________________ in the body
Also stimulates _________________________________
B-Lymphocytes  produce antibodies ____________________
______________________________________
T-Lymphocytes  Kill any cell that ______________________
Blood Clotting and Platelets
Platelets

also known as __________________________
Made from _______________________________
Plug the blood vessels after an _________________________
Clotting
After a cut
1.
Platelets ___________________________
2.
Platelets also release __________________, which is converted to __________________
3.
Thrombin activates a ______________________________
4.
Fibrin wraps around the platelets at the site, ____________
________________________________________
5.
After the vessel is repaired, Fibrin is __________________
_________________________________