Global Studies
Name _____________________________
India & South Asia Review
Geographical Features & Nations
Plot each of the following on the map using the corresponding number or letter.
1. India
A. Ganges River
G. Indo-Gangetic Plain
2. Pakistan
B. Indus River
H. Hindu Kush
3. Afghanistan
C. Brahmaputra River
I. Himalayas
4. Nepal
D. Arabian Sean
J. East Ghats
5. Bhutan
E. Bay of Bengal
K. West Ghats
6. Sri Lanka
F. Indian Ocean
L. Thar Desert
Geography
Size in Relation
to US
Subcontinent
Monsoons
General
Total
Population
National
Language
Capital City
India is 1/3 size of the U.S.
Large, distinguishable part of a continent (South Asia is a subcontinent
of Asia)
Seasonal winds; the wet monsoon brings necessary rains to South Asia
1.3 billion
Most commonly spoken is Hindi
New Delhi
Major Religious Majority – Hinduism; 2nd most common – Islam
Groups
Hinduism
Reincarnation
When, after death, the spirit is reborn into another living thing
Karma
One’s deeds in this life will affect one’s fate in a future life
Dharma
A person’s duty
Atman
A person’s soul or essence
Moksha
Sacred Animal
When a person’s atman stops being reincarnated and becomes one with
the Universal Spirit
Cow
Hindu Deities
Brahman
Universal Spirit
Brahma
Creator god
Vishnu
Preserver god that helps people do their dharma
Shiva
Destroyer god that ends life and then reincarnates it
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Ganesh
Civilizations
Chronological
Order of Indian
Civilizations
God that removes obstacles; God of journeys
Indus, Aryan, Maurya, Gupta, Mughal
Indus River Civilizations
Location
Indus River Valley (modern-day Pakistan)
Cities
Harappa and Mohenjo-daro
Achievements
Planned cities, plumbing, picture writing
Aryans
Description
Light-skinned herders who came from from the northwest
Impact on
culture of India
Hinduism, Sanskrit writing, caste system, cow being sacred
Maurya Empire
Asoka
India’s greatest king who converted to Buddhism and then became nonviolent
Gupta Empire
Significance
India’ Golden Age
Mughal Empire
Religion
Islam (Muslim)
Akbar
Shah Jahan
Leader that promoted religious tolerance and showed this by marrying
a Hindu woman
Mughal leader that built the Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal
Built by Shah Jahan, it was a tomb for his favorite wife
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Caste System
Caste System
Hindu social organization based on spiritual purity
What Determines
Caste
You are what your parents are
Brahmins
Highest caste; priests
Untouchables
Lowest group at the bottom of caste system
Colonial Period
East India
Company
Motivations for
Imperialism
European
Colonial Power
Direct &
Indirect Rule
Sepoy Rebellion
Changes Made
After Sepoy
Rebellion
Independence
Mohandas
Gandhi
Mahatma
British company that first to establish a relationship with India
Make money and gain resources
Britain
Direct – when the country sends its own people to rule a colony
Indirect – rules through local native rulers
The British were trying to change Indian culture; the rumor that gun
cartridges were greased with beef and pork fat started the fighting
Britain made India a colony, Indians given British citizenship and
freedom of religion
Lawyer that started fighting for Indian rights in South Africa; moved
back to India; Goals included: eliminating the Untouchable caste; peace
between Hindus and Muslims; and Indian independence
Means, “Great Soul”; nickname for Gandhi
Civil
Disobedience
Satyagraha
Refusal to obey unjust laws
Amritsar
Massacre
Salt March
British opened fire on crowd of peaceful Indian protesters; Indians
became even more motivated to work towards independence
Indian act of civil disobedience against the British tax on salt and
British restrictions on salt production.
Gandhi’s civil disobedience and peaceful protest
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Partition of
India
Reason for
Partition
Year of
Independence
Modern India
Indian National
Congress
India’s Main
Rival
Jawaharlal
Nehru
Cold War
Nonalignment
Kashmir
Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan
Muslim minority was afraid Hindu majority would not treat them fairly
1947
Hindu group that lead the Indian independence movement; after
independence, the INC became India’s majority party
Pakistan
Leader of the INC and first prime minister of India
India did not choose a side in the Cold War despite receiving aid form
both the U.S. and the Soviet Union
Northern region that is divided between India and Pakistan
Indira Gandhi
Daughter of Nehru; prime minister; way she addressed the Sikh
minorities was controversial; assassinated
Sikh Separatist Sikh religion has some Hindu and some Muslim aspects, but is a
Movement
minority and feel discriminated against; many want their own country
Independence of West Pakistan was slow to help after a typhoon, India helped
Bangladesh
Bangladesh become independent from Pakistan
Green
Improving farming technology to increase output
Revolution
Rajiv Gandhi
Indira’s son, prime minster; more capitalist; assassinated
Current
Government
Type
Government of
India’s Claim
To Fame
Countries with
nuclear
weapons
Parliamentary democracy
Largest democracy in the world
India and Pakistan
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