Global Studies
Name
China Review
***FILL IN THE MAPS ON YOUR OWN****
Map
Label the following on the map using the appropriate number or letter.
Countries
A. China
B. Taiwan
C. N. Korea
D. S. Korea
E. Japan
F. Mongolia
G. Russia
Regions
I. North China
II. South China
III. Northeast (Manchuria)
IV. Tibet
Bodies of Water
1. East China Sea
2. Sea of Japan
3. South China Sea
4. Yellow Sea
5. Taiwan Strait
6. Chang
7. Huang
Cities
a. Beijing
b. Shanghai
c. Hong Kong
Deserts
AA. Gobi
BB. Taklimakan
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Geography & General Information
Size in Relation to
About the same size
United States
Capital City
Beijing
Description of
Eastern 1/3 of the country is low-lying, fertile land. Region known as the
Eastern Topography heartland because food is grown and most of population lives there
Description of Western Mountains and desert; less population
Topography
Huang (Other
Name)
Chang (Other
Name)
Total Population
Yellow River
Largest Ethnic
Group
Han
Traditional China
Middle Kingdom
Mandate of Heaven
Scholar Elite
Gentry
Peasants
Yangtze River
Over 1 billion (approx. 1.2 billion)
Term used by traditional Chinese dynasties to describe China- because
they felt they were surrounded by less civilized people
The Chinese belief that heaven and the gods granted the ruler a right to
rule; The Zhou dynasty first used this idea
Education allowed people to move up in society by passing imperial
examinations and obtaining government positions
Land owners
Majority of the people who farmed the land; some owned plots of land;
most were subsistence farmers
Religion/Philosophy
Confucianism
(General
Description)
Filial Piety
Founded by Confucius; it is a code of behavior based on the superiorinferior relationships where the superior teaches the inferior and the
inferior honors and obeys the superior. Emphasizes education
Respect for parents and elders
Analects
Book of Confucius’ teachings
Taoism
(General
Description)
Emphasized living in harmony with nature; its most recognizable symbol
is the Yin/Yang which symbolizes balance
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Lao Tzu
Most famous Taoist philosopher
Tao Te Ching
Writings of Taoism supposedly authored by Lao Tzu
Tao
“the way of nature”
Yin/Yang
Symbol of Taoism representing the balance of opposites
Ch’I
Cosmic energy; the energy in all living things
Buddhism
(General
Description)
Siddhartha Gautama
Religion that follows the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path; goal
is to end suffering and reach Nirvana. It emphasizes living life following
the Middle Way; its symbol is an eight-spoke wheel
Prince from ancient Nepal; he set out to find and end to suffering and as
a result established Buddhism. Became the Buddha.
1. Everyone suffers
2. Wants and desires cause suffering
3. If you stop wanting, you will end suffering
4. To end wanting, you need to follow the eightfold path
Living life in the middle, avoiding extremes; according to Buddhism, if
you live this way, you will not want anything and end suffering
A philosophy that believes that people should be kept in line with strict
rewards and punishments.
Four Noble Truths
Middle Way
Legalism
(General
Description)
Dynasties
First Emperor’s
Dynasty
First Emperor’s
Construction
Projects
Golden Age
Dynasties
Barbarian Invaders
Name of Imperial
Palace
Name and Origin of
Last Dynasty
Qin Dynasty; Shi Huangdi declared himself first emperor of China after
uniting it
Built the First Great Wall.
Had terracotta soldiers that guarded his tomb
Tang and Song (time of prosperity and peace)
Huns, Mongols, and Manchu
The Forbidden City
Qing (Manchu)
They invaded China from the north (Manchuria)
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Last Dynasty
Opium War
British wanted to balance trade with China so it sold opium (an addictive
drug) to China. When the Chinese destroyed the opium, Britain attacked
Treaty of Nanjing
First of the unequal treaties; ended the Opium War; China had to pay $ to
Britain, give up Hong Kong; led to foreign countries to establish spheres
of influence
Hong Kong
British gained control of Hong Kong after China lost the Opium War; it
remained under British control until 1997
Spheres of Influence Areas within a country where foreign countries have economic, political,
or cultural control (NOT a colony)
Taiping Rebellion
Rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan who thought he was Jesus’ brother; took
over 1/3 of China; 20 million died; crushed by Europeans; weakened
China
Boxer Rebellion
Attempt to get foreigners out of China; secretly supported by Ci Xi; also
crushed by Westerners; further weakened China
Ci Xi
A.K.A. Dowager Empress; ruled through son and nephew; opposed
reforms that would have modernized China
Pu Yi
Last emperor of China; chosen by Ci Xi; lost position in Republican
Revolution
Republican China
Republican
Revolution
Sun Yatsen
Sun’s 3 Principles
of the People
The emperor was overthrown and a constitution established a republic
Leader of the Republican Revolution; physician; he is considered father
of the Chinese republic
1. democracy 2. nationalism 3 livelihood (jobs)
Revolutionary China
Nationalists
Political party established by Sun Yatsen; battled Communists for control
of China; lost and fled to Taiwan
Chiang Kai-shek
Leader of the Nationalists after Sun Yatsen
Communists
Mao Zedong
Long March
Rape of Nanking
After years of chaos, warlords, and poor conditions for most of the
people, established People’s Republic of China
Leader of the Communists
Communists fled attack by the Nationalists; Communists survived,
regrouped and spread their ideas; inspirational story of birth of
Communist China
Horrible and violent attack by the Japanese on the Chinese city of
Nanking during World War II
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Karl Marx
German philosopher who created Marxism/Communism
Proletariat
The working class; according to Marx, the workers would rise up,
overthrow the bourgeoisie, and create a classless society
China Under Mao
Totalitarian State
When the government has total control over the lives of the people.
This occurred in communist China
Propaganda
Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread to help or harm a
person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.
Great Leap Forward Mao’s attempt to modernize China quickly; huge communes formed;
steel made in backyard furnaces; this plan was a failure; many starved
Collectives &
People farmed together to try to increase production; communes were
Communes
huge with dormitories and communal kitchens
Cultural Revolution Mao’s attempt to revitalize communist spirit and win power struggle
against moderates/experts; it was a failure; many jailed or even killed
Red Guard
The youth that were involved in the Cultural Revolution
China After Mao
Deng Xiaoping
Tiananmen Square
Uprising
Moderate leader of China after Mao; opened China to foreign
investment and made capitalist reforms
Students organize a demonstration in the square to demand more
democracy/freedom of speech; the government reacted violently
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