Modern china review sheet
Chapter 15 section 5 (pp. 343-348)
ROOTS OF REVOLUTION
Opium war
Conditions
leading up to
the war
The Qing dynasty was in decline; a population in crease caused famines;
Britain wanted to balance trade so they started selling illegal opium in china
Cause of the
war
China destroyed a shipment of opium
Balance of
power during
the war
European military power had increased during the industrial revolution, but
china’s had not
Result of war
Treaty of Nanjing – these “unequal treaties” did the following:
1. Pay millions of dollars to England for the destroyed opium
2. Open ports to foreigners
3. Britain gained control of Hong Kong
4. Extraterritoriality - Europeans the ability to be tried in their own
country for crimes committed in china
Increase in foreign influence
A low bow to the emperor to show respect
Kowtow
Spheres of
influence
Open door
policy
During the age of imperialism in china, European nations and japan established
areas of economic control in china; economic control leads to political control;
Britain, France, Russia, Germany, and japan established spheres of influence in
china
The US's attempt to protect its trade interests and prevent colonies from forming in
china
1
Define:
Taiping rebellion
Cause:
Declining quality of life in china;
sharp increase in population;
increased foreign influence; rebels v.
Foreigners
Result:
Rebellion crushed by foreigners;
china forced to allow foreign troops
in
Attempt to modernize china
Hundred days of
reform
Empress from the Qing dynasty who opposed any reforms to modernize
china; she wanted to continue the traditional, Confucian society
Ci xi
Boxer rebellion
Revolution
Of 1911
Cause: continuing poor quality of
life in china; increased foreign
influence; rebels v. Foreigners
Result:
Rebellion crushed by foreigners;
china forced to allow foreign troops
in
Cause: continuing poor quality of
life in china; increased foreign
influence; rebels v. Foreign dynasty
Result:
Successfully overthrow dynasty and
established a democracy
What is the common cause of all three wars/rebellions?
Anti-foreign feelings
Who was Sun Yatsen? What were his “three principles of the people?”
Led the nationalists in the revolution of 1911 and became the first president of democratic
china; the three principles of the peoples were nationalism, democracy, and livelihood.
Leader(s)
Nationalists
Sun Yatsen
Chiang Kai-shek
Mao Zedong
Communists
Principles




Promoted three principles of the people
Tried to remove the communists from china
Capitalist
Wanted foreigners out of china





Wanted to improve economy for the poor
Wanted to defeat nationalists
Established people’s republic of china
Communist
Wanted foreigners out of china
2
Describe the long march. Who was on the offensive? Who was on the defensive?
Who was successful in the end?
Chiang Kai-shek and the nationalist’s efforts to defeat the communists
The people’s republic of china
Identify the following people:
German philosopher; invented communism
Karl Marx
Deng
Xiaoping
(chapter 16 section 1)
Mao’s successor
Identify the following terms:
People’s
Full name for communist china
republic of
china
Industrial working class
Proletariat
Totalitarian Government controls all aspect of life
state
Information that is spread to support or damage a cause
Propaganda
Explain:
Mao’s
goals
How Mao
restored
order
Oppose capitalism
Unite china
Self sufficient
Restore order
Modernize
New constitution
Established totalitarian government
Establish communism (government control over economy)
3
How Mao
united
china
Promised to improve life of the poor
Made everyone equal
Economic development
Identify:
Red guard
(chapter 16 section 2)
Students and youth who promoted Mao and his ideas during cultural
revolution
Mao’s widow; promoted cultural revolution
Jiang Qing
Several villages grouped and working together
Commune
Free market economy; opposite to communism
Capitalism
Goal/purpose
Encourage discussion about communism to
make it better
Outcome
Failed – too much
criticism
Great leap
forward
Modernization
Failed – disorganized, no
modernization, famine
Cultural
revolution
Promote revolutionary spirit among youth
Failed – out of control,
many jailed or killed,
lost generation
Moderately successful,
he changes lead to
modern china today.
Hundred
flowers
Four
Deng’s programs to modernize china
modernizations
4
Mao
Deng
Modernize china
More practical method of
Economic Self-sufficiency
modernization
policies
Pure communism
Foreign investment
Epic failure
Increased market economy
How did the communists try to create a classless society? Were they successful? Why or
why not?
Did away with landowning class, outlawed private property, but a new elite class merged
– people in communist party had more privileges
How has the communists’ effort to replace Chinese traditions met with mixed success?
Influence of family has decreased
Outlawed traditional religions
Promote simplicity in burial rituals
but
but
but
still respect for elders
still hired priests to carry out rituals
still scrap together $ for expensive burial
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