Special Conditions Related to Bones and Joints
1. Osteoporosis:
Osteoporosis begins between ages 30 and 40
Women lose 8% of bone mass per decade, men 3%
2. Scoliosis:
“S” shaped
Occurs most often in the thoracic region
Most common during adolescence and girls are more prone to developing the condition
If muscles on one side of the body are not functioning properly, those on the opposite side tug
on the spine and force it out of alignment
Treated with body braces or surgically before the growth period ends to prevent permanent
deformity or breathing difficulties
3. Gigantism
Childhood hyper secretion of growth hormone by the _____________ _________
causes excessive growth.
4. Pituitary dwarfism
Growth hormone deficiency in children resulting in extremely short long bones and
maximum stature of 4 feet.
5. Fractures:
Closed – bone breaks _________________
Open – the broken bone ends have broken _______________ the skin
Greenstick – bone splits and bends, does ___________ break (seen only in children)
Symptoms of Fractures:
PAIN/Tenderness
Deformity – unnatural angle or position
Bruising/discoloration
_______________ to move body part - bear weight
Grating sound - squeaking
Exposed fragments
Sometimes no symptoms
Soft Tissue Injuries
6. Sprains:
st
Mild (1 degree) – ______________ ligament
nd
Moderate (2 degree)– partial tear
rd
Severe (3 degree) – complete tear
Symptoms:
1. Swelling
4.
2.
5.
3
7. Strains:
Symptoms:
1.Swelling
4.
2.
5.
3
8. Dislocations:
Symptoms:
1. Deformity of joint
2.
4.
5.
3
9.
Bursitis: inflammation of the sac (bursa) near the joint
10.
Tendonitis: inflammation of the tendon
11. Arthritis: Inflammation in and around the joint
FIRST AID for SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
REST- No weight barring activities
ICE - ice for 24 to 48 hours. 20 min. on/ 20 min off
Compression - wrap it snug, but not too tight.
Elevation- keep the injury elevated. Level with heart.
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