www.ijecs.in
International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242
Volume 3 Issue 4 April, 2014 Page No. 5495-5498
POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES IN HYBRID SYSTEMS – A
REVIEW
V.Srikanth1, A. Naveen kumar2
Assistant professor
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department
St.Peter’s Engineering College
Maisammaguda, Ranga Reddy Dist. Andhra Pradesh
Phone: +91-9848593998
EMAIL: srikvelpula12@gmail.com
Abstract-Power Quality is one of a major constraint in power system transmission and distribution. Now a day’s most of
the energy was consumed by us. The abnormal growth of Electric Energy consumers, power demand is also being
increased. At the same time the unavailability of fossil fuels and the cost of generation, transmission and utilization are
increased. Hence, the power producer opposes to reduce the cost of power generation. Simultaneously the consumer thinks
about that, to get good quality of power and to minimize the power tariff. To meet the both ends we go for hybrid power
generation system. To implement Hybrid power system, it has several problems such as Protection, Synchronization,
Power Quality, etc., in this paper we focused on various methods of power quality improvement Techniques in hybrid
power systems.
Most reasons of these concerns stems from loads connected to
electric supply systems [1], [2].
Key words: WT, CHP, PQ, PV system, THD, Fuel cell
I. INTRODUCTION
Hybrid power system is a combination of renewable energy
technologies. India is becoming one of the developing
countries in this world. The developing growth of the
population and the increasing amount of energy conservation
are the key factors. To prevent consumers from lagging of
power and to meet their demands, hybrid system is an exact
solution. These resources are going to connect in to the
National grid or utility grid. It operates in two modes. They
are Island mode and Grid connected mode.
The generation of power is very low when compared to utility
grid. Hence, it is connected in small units. If there is no power
required it was connected to the utility grids. During the
combination or grid integration there are many problems
rising like Synchronization, Power Quality and Protection,
Load sharing etc... In this paper focused a review on Power
Quality Mitigation Techniques in Hybrid Systems.
II.LITERATURE SURVEY
Power quality are long duration voltage variations
(overvoltage, under voltage, and sustained interruptions), short
duration voltage variations (interruption, sags (dips), and
swells), voltage imbalance, waveform distortion (DC offset,
harmonics, inter harmonics, notching and noise), voltage
fluctuation (voltage flicker) and power frequencyvariations.
Measurements for active filter as well as the behavior of
inverter systems with UPS functionality during grid faults
where discussed at the end of utility side. Under without APF
the total harmonic distortion is 32.8% and by using APF in a
DG unit the THD is reduced around 10.2% in non linear loads.
By using series APF, the THD value almost reduced to 9.5%
[3]. It improves the controlling of excitation and input power
of a synchronous generator. PID Controller is used in a
generator governor control in frequency of a system. By using
Bacteria foraging optimization technique to optimize, the PID
controller gain is used to improve the PQ with the help of
MATLAB [4]. Photo voltaic – Fuel cell combination system
comprises a PV Panel. A battery bank was connected to the
DC bus. Power flow is present in two way of the battery if it is
present in charged condition the fuel cell will be turned off. In
this case the battery supplies the power to the load. It was
verified by Virtual Test Bed (VTB) [5].
A technical review of power quality problems and how the
custom devices used to improve the PQ in grid connected
renewable energy systems at the point of Common Coupling
were discussed [6]. The performance analysis of a shunt active
filters with VSI Topology using synchronous frame theory in
grid connected PV Panel were discussed. It reduced the
harmonic level at the point of common coupling for 3.94% by
using shunt active filters [7]. From This study was describes
the detailed analysis of different control strategies for a
standalone wind energy conversion system using induction
generator and It was simulated by MATLAB [8]. An adequate
V.Srikanth1IJECS Volume 3 Issue 4 April, 2014 Page No.5495-5498
Page 5495
control strategy with a simple three-leg four-wire system is
possible to mitigate the power quality disturbances like
voltage unbalance, THD and others [9].
The comparative study of two PWM controller techniques is
briefly discussed. The current harmonic controls and reactive
power compensation was done by using converter as an active
shunt filter and the other converter is used to control the
voltage sag and swell also it describes about the cost analysis
of PV systems [10].
The existence of the PQ problems due to the installation of
wind turbines with the grid is expressed. To implement FACT
Control device at a point of Common Coupling with Battery
Energy Storage System, the THD reduced to 4.96% with
control instead of 12.53% for without control. With the
implementation of controllers it reduced again 0.4 %. The
output was verified through the help of MATLAB [11]. It
develops a high efficiency of power controllers. That
optimizes energy extraction from the hybrid system. A single
micro controller is used to control both voltage and current
sources. The output was verified by P - Q Theory using
MATLAB [12].
[18] Active Power Conditioner (APC) acts as to interface
between renewable energy sources and the AC bus of micro
grid. Extended Indirect Control Strategy is capable to achieve
better values for the following power quality indicators: THD
(Total Harmonic Distortion), PF (Power Factor), current and
voltage balancing. It was verified by MATLAB.
Wind – Diesel hybrid system was proposed and the Modified
Elman Neural Network (MENN) is used to determine. It
reduced the THD. By varying the pitch angle the THD value is
to reduce 2.92. The output was verified with the help of
MATLAB [13]. Modelling and design of a PWM – VSI was
connected between sources, which supplies energy to the grid.
The test was conducted at the point of load side and source
side with closed loop and open loop test with the help of
MATLAB [14].
The issues on fixed pitch wind turbine coupled with Induction
Generator were discussed[15]. Disturbance of PQ was
measured by varying the X/R ratio at the point of pitch angle
in a wind turbine also the output was verified by MATLAB.
While implementing wind turbine with Diesel power
generation the frequency was affected and it has been
measured along with its effects on how it could disturb the PQ
Phenomena in a system [16]. Fuel cell and Electrolyzer system
are defined by the first order transfer function.
The tie line power and the output change of micro turbine by
the frequency fluctuation are presented[17], and it
demonstrates the effectiveness of the dynamic control method.
PI regulators are used to compensate the power changes in
Micro Grid power system and tie line.
Table 1 shows the model design parameters for micro
grids. Table-I
Figure -1 Simulation diagram for load control
Battery storage provides a rapid response for either
charging/discharging the battery and also acts as a constant
voltage source for the critical load in the distributed network
[19, 20]. The comparative analysis of PQ controllers is
discussed in mathematical model and simulated. From the
performance analysis concludes SVC Type II controller is best
controller for wind diesel hybrid power system [21].
SVC Controller is used to eliminate the mismatch of supply
and demand of reactive power in wind diesel hybrid system
under varying conditions of load and the input of wind power.
ANN models have been developed for variable slip/speed
wind-diesel autonomous hybrid power system configurations
for tuning the proportional-integral controller of SVC [22].
The start-up of the wind turbine and the transient condition
during load changes affect voltage and frequency in the
system [23]. Approximately70% to 80% of power quality
related problems can be attributed to faulty connection and
wiring [24].
V.Srikanth1IJECS Volume 3 Issue 4 April, 2014 Page No.5495-5498
Page 5496
In India, electric energy demand is increased in day to day.
The dwindling growth of the fossil fuel we are pushed to
generate new energy sources. Hybrid power generation is the
solution to compensate our upcoming demands. Hence the
researchers focussed the development of hybrid power
generation systems. The survey focussed the detailed review
on power quality mitigation techniques and how the custom
power devices help to improve the power quality in hybrid
systems.
IV. REFERENCE
Figure -2 Control Structure for SVC Type I
An electrolyser system based co generation was considered. It
was controlled by CAN Composed communication network
and it compensate the system real power unbalance [25].
Advancement of FACTS arena, voltage source converter
based technology has been successfully solved PQ problems
in hybrid system [26].
The advantages of the simplicity and lower cost of passive
filters with the higher performance of active filters to reduce
harmonic distortion in power systems constitute hybrid filters.
It reduce initial cost and to reduce filter rating [27].
The optimal size and location of DGs and optimal location of
RCs in the network is connected in order to reduce the energy
loss and to increase the reliability at the point of Utility side.
Genetic algorithm is used in 33 bus system. The performance
evaluation is verified by MATLAB [28]. Harmonics mitigated
at the point of utility by using particle swarm optimization
techniques. The comparative study was made up of PSO
techniques with single tuned passive filters. The results of the
PSO method are gives better solution [29].
Custom devices will improve voltage and current in non linear
loads and it compensate voltage sag/swell. The performance
was verified by EMTDC/PSCAD [30]. Depending upon the
WT output power, voltage/current level was deviated from its
original position. The same time the generation of battery
power is very low and it compensates sag/swell. If there is a
need of power to compensate then the hydro power generation
will helps to maintain the power and power quality at the point
of common coupling. The performance was evaluated by
EMTDC/PSCAD [31].
It compensates the voltage sag, swell in distribution network
to connect with the DG sources. By using UPQC shunt active
filter the PQ was improved and supply current THD was
reduced 0.16% from 23.44% [32].
III.CONCLUSION
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