Developing Trap and Kill Technologies
to Improve Management of the
Western Spotted and Striped
Cucumber Beetles (Diabrotica
undecimpunctata) and (Acalymma
trivittatum)
By: Katie Alderman
Dept. BioResource Research, Oregon State University
Western Spotted Cucumber
Beetle
 Wide
host
range
ippc2.orst.edu/potato/wspotcucba.jpg
Lifecycle
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Adult
Eggs
Larvae
Pupae
??
??
??
Western Striped Cucumber
Beetle
www.msue.msu.edu/objects/rte/image/striped%20...
Current Beetle Control
 Insecticid
e
www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/files/images/spra.
Alternative Beetle Control
 Trap
cropping
www.rothamsted.ac.uk/pie/Graphics/RapePlots.jpg
Alternative Beetle Control
 Exclusion
OSU Lab Trap
Beetle Bar
Kairomone
Trap Body
 Limits and contains pesticides.
Kairomone
 Kairomone
 (Ibb)
 indole,
 beta-ionone,
 and benzyl
alcohol.
Beetle Bar – Cucurbitacin E
 Bitter
Hawkesbury
Melon (BHM)
 Ingredients
 BHM pulp,
 BHM juice,
 sodium
benzoate,
 xanthum gum,
 entrust.
Objectives
 1. Evaluate the effect of
temperature on the degradation of
the cucurbitacin in BHM components
of the beetle bar.
 2. Evaluate kairomone lure longevity
under field conditions.
 3. Evaluate effectiveness of alternative
trap designs on beetle capture rate.
Cucurbitacin E glycoside
Isolation
 Fred Stevens
lab.
 BHM juice was
isolated and
ran on Mass
Spec and NMR.
Cucurbitacin E glycoside Isolation
29
OH
28
24
21
12
O
OH
HO
3'
4'
HO
2'
1'
5'
O
6'
O
1
H
2
11
9
O
4
20
5
7
23
17
14
27
26
32
31
O
O
O
13
16
OH
15
8
10
3
H
25
30
22
6
18
19
HO
Chemical Formula: C 38 H54O 13
Exact Mass: 718.3564
Fred Stevens and lab confirmed the compound to be
Cucurbitacin E glycoside
Cucurbitacin E glycoside
Degradation
 Quantified with high-pressure
liquid chromatography (HPLC)
 Temperatures of 2, 10, 21, and
32°C
 Ten week period, sampling at 1
week intervals.
Cucurbitacin Concentration (g/L)
Cucurbitacin E-glycoside Degradation
1
0.95
0.9
2°C
10°C
21°C
32°C
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
Days in temperature
Treatment: Temp (C)
2
10
21
10
0.09
21
<0.01
0.11
32
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
70
Objectives
 1. Evaluate the effect of temperature
on the degradation of the cucurbitacin
in BHM components of the beetle bar.
 2. Evaluate kairomone lure longevity
under field conditions.
 3. Evaluate effectiveness of alternative
trap designs on beetle capture rate.
Kairomone Degradation
 Kairomones
prepared 56 days,
35 days, and 1 day
prior to the
experiment.
 control of no
kairomone lure.
Beetles Captured (Beetles/Day)
Kairomone Degradation: Spotted
50
45
40
35
30
56 day old
35 day old
1 day old
none
25
20
15
10
5
31-Aug
4-Sep
8-Sep
12-Sep
16-Sep
Date of Trapping
Treatment: IBb Age (days)
Control/none
56
35
56
0.14
35
<0.01
0.05
1
<0.01
<0.01
0.02
Beetle Capture (Beetle/Day)
Kairomone Degradation: Striped
25
20
15
56 day old
35 day old
1 day old
none
10
5
0
31-Aug
4-Sep
8-Sep
12-Sep
16-Sep
Date of Trapping
Treatment: IBb Age (days)
Control/none
56
35
56
0.25
35
0.05
0.31
1
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Objectives
 1. Evaluate the effect of temperature
on the degradation of the cucurbitacin
in BHM components of the beetle bar.
 2. Evaluate kairomone lure longevity
under field conditions.
 3. Evaluate effectiveness of
alternative trap designs on beetle
capture rate.
Alternative Trap Design
OSU Lab
Trap
Alternative Trap Design
Alternative Trap Design
Trap Design: Spotted
120
100
Beetles Captured
80
OSU Lab trap
square panel
60
sq panel w/ top holes
sq panel w/o top holes
new small circle hang
40
new small circle vane
20
0
8/5 2010
8/11 2010
Trap Date
Trap Design: Striped
9
8
7
Beetles Captured
6
OSU Lab Trap
5
initial green top sq panel
sq panel w/ top holes
4
sq panel w/o top holes
new small circle hang
3
new small circle vane
2
1
0
8/5 2010
8/11 2010
Trap Date
Trap Modifications
 Trap Modifications
 Kairomone “Mini-lure” modification.
 Beetle Bar dilution modification.
 Vent modification.
Kairomone
Mini-lure
0 grams
0.4 grams
0.7 grams
Mini-lure: Spotted Beetles
Beetle Capture (Beetle/Day)
120
110
100
90
80
70
0 grams
0.4 grams
0.7 grams
60
50
40
30
20
2-Sep
5-Sep
8-Sep
Date of Trapping
11-Sep
Mini-lure: Striped Beetles
Beetle Capture (Beetle/Day)
18
16
14
12
10
0 grams
0.4 grams
0.7 grams
8
6
4
2
2-Sep
5-Sep
8-Sep
Date of Trapping
11-Sep
Beetle Bar
Juice Dilution
1%
10%
100%
Juice Dilution: Spotted Beetles
Beetle Capture (Beetle/Day)
35
30
25
1%
10%
100%
20
15
10
20-Sep
24-Sep
28-Sep
2-Oct
Date of Trapping
6-Oct
Juice Dilution: Striped Beetles
Beetle Capture (Beetle/Day)
6
5
4
1%
10%
100%
3
2
1
0
20-Sep
24-Sep
28-Sep
2-Oct
Date of Trapping
6-Oct
Vent
Vents: Spotted Beetles
Beetle Capture (Beetles/Day)
19
17
15
13
11
9
no vent
vent
7
5
3
1
21-Sep
25-Sep
29-Sep
3-Oct
Date of Trapping
7-Oct
Vents: Striped Beetles
Beetle Capture (Beetle/Day)
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
no vent
vent
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
20-Sep
25-Sep
30-Sep
Date of Trapping
5-Oct
Conclusions
 1. Evaluate degradation of
cucurbitacin in the beetle bar.
 stable at temperatures at or below
21°C
 Degradation is more rapid at 32°C
Conclusions
 2. Kairomone Degradation
 Longevity of Kairomone is between
40-50 days in the field.
Conclusions
 3. Alternative traps and
modifications.
 The yellow vane trap had higher
observed capture rate
 The vent and mini-lure modifications
did not increase beetle capture rate.
 The 10% BHM dilution increased
beetle capture rate.
Acknowledgements
 Special thanks to…
 John Luna, as my advisor.
 Jana Lee, secondary advisor, and the
ARS for use of the controlled
temperature chambers
 Fred Stevens, Dept. of Pharmacy, for
his chemical analysis expertise.
 Gathering Together Farm and Stahlbush
Farms for use of squash fields.
Questions