UML behavior
diagrams
Kristian Sandahl
Maintenance
Validate Requirements, Verify Specification
Acceptance Test
Requirements
(Release testing)
Verify System Design
System Design
System Testing
(Architecture,
High-level Design)
(Integration testing of modules)
Module Design
(Program Design,
Detailed Design)
Verify Module Design
Module Testing
(Integration testing of units)
Verify Implementation
Implementation
of Units (classes, procedures,
functions)
Unit testing
Project Management, Software Quality Assurance (SQA), Supporting Tools, Education
2
The goals of module design,
again
• Provide the expected function
• Prepare for change:
•
Separation of concern
•
Testability
•
Understandability
• Contribute to quality, eg:
•
Performance
•
Usability
•
Reliability
•
...
• Map for the implementers and testers
3
Well-known Diagrams of UML
UML 2.5
Diagram
Structure
Diagram
Class
Diagram
Object
Diagram
Behavior
Diagram
Package
Diagram
Component
Diagram
Deployment
Diagram
4
Use-Case
Diagram
State
Machine
Diagram
Interaction
Diagram
Sequence
Diagram
Well-known Diagrams of UML
UML 2.5
Diagram
Structure
Diagram
Class
Diagram
Object
Diagram
Behavior
Diagram
Package
Diagram
Component
Diagram
Deployment
Diagram
5
Use-Case
Diagram
State
Machine
Diagram
Interaction
Diagram
Sequence
Diagram
Different instance models
Specific
Kristian :
CoffeeCustomer
Generic
aCoffeeCustomer :
CoffeeCustomer
buys
buys
Cup1 : CupOfCoffee
aCup : CupOfCoffee
makes
IDA-B-house :
Machine
makes
aMachine :
Machine
makes
: Machine
makes
: Machine
Short hand
: CoffeeCustomer
buys
: CupOfCoffee
Related: Roles
: CoffeeCustomer
buys
: CupOfCoffee
State machine diagram
For class
CoinHandler:
start state marker
transiton
this object
checking
falseCoin()/returnCoin(self)
idle
insertCoin()/checkCoin(self)
state
trigger event,
causing transition
action, reaction
to the event
7
A few more states
Kristian’s alarm clock starts sounding at 6.00 with a nasty signal.
He can now do either of three things:
Turn the alarm off;
b) Press the snooze button; or
c)
Do nothing. If the snooze button is pressed the signal will turn off and start
sounding after 5 minutes again.
When an hour has passed from the first time the alarm sound started, the snooze
button has no effect.
After that the alarm sound starts, the signal will last for 2 minutes.
If no action has been taken during these 2 minutes, the absence of action will have
the same effect as if the snooze button were pressed exactly when the alarm
stopped to sound.
a)
8
Orthogonal, composite states
state machine
course attempt
orthogonal state
Studying
Lab 1
Project
Final exam
fail
orthogonal region
lab1 done
Lab 2
lab2 done
project done
pass
Failed
9
Passe
d
Explicit exit points
course attempt
Studying
Lab 1
Project
Final exam
lab1 done
Lab 2
lab2 done
project done
pass
fail
failed
passed
10
Activity diagram ≠ State diagram
Initial node
insert coin
decision
final
[no] node
coin accepted?
fork
[yes]
brew coffee
add hot water
to adjust strength
add sugar/whitener
join
pour coffee
11
Sequence diagram
role
: Interface
Message
(synchronous)
: CoffeeCustomer
insertCoin
Life line
of object
machineReady
Procedure
is active
pressButton(b1)
time
pourCoffee
12
Sequence diagram
with several objects
: Interface
: CoinHandler
: Brewer
: CoffeeCustomer
insertCoin
Timing
constraint
Return message
transport
{ 0 < 5s}
litIndicators
pressButton(b1)
pourCoffee
coinAccepted
makeOrder(o1)
pourCoffee
13
warmUp
Combining fragments of sequence
diagrams
SD processOrder
:Order
:TicketDB
:Account
create
ref
gate
Get existing customer data
loop
loop
[get next item]
reserve(date,no)
loop condition
add(seats)
answer
destruction
14
Combining fragments of sequence
diagrams
SD Get existing customer data
:Order
create
:TicketDB
:Account
Getdata(c1)
Data(c1)
15
Combining fragments of sequence
diagrams
SD processOrder
:Order
:TicketDB
:Account
create
ref
Get existing customer data
loop
loop
[get next item]
reserve(date,no)
loop condition
add(seats)
answer
destruction
16
More fragments of sequence diagrams
:Order
:TicketDB
loop
[get next item]
reserve(date,no)
alt
guard condition
nested conditional
[available]
add(seats)
alternate branches
reject
[unavailable]
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http://www.uml-diagrams.org
18
www.liu.se