Safe and Secure Internet
Environment for Children in Japan
21 Feb 2014
Shunsuke Kamata
Deputy Director,
Telecommunications Consumer Policy Division
Telecommunications Bureau
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan
Legal Framework about Safe and Secure Internet for Children
1
◆ Act on Development of Internet Environment for Children was enforced on April, 2009.
◆ Under the 2 fundamental principles of a) promoting use of filtering services and
b) improving ICT literacy, both the government and the private sector are undertaking
various initiatives.
Fundamental principles
a) Promoting filtering, etc.
b) Improving ICT literacy
Initiatives by the private sector (with Government support)
Private sector
Government
The Headquarters for the Promotion of
Development and Support for Children and
Young People
Mandatory supply of filtering
services (with some conditions)
PC makers
Filtering developers/
suppliers
Obligation to make efforts
for development
(※The second basic plan was determined on July 2012)
-Provision against newly-appearing machinery like smart
phones.
-Promote dissemination of information to parents.
-Promote collaboration among the national government, local
government, and private sector.
Server
administrators
Obligation to make efforts to
prevent browsing
of harmful information
Other parties
concerned
Obligation to make efforts for
education, etc.
Young people
Basic plan
Internet service
providers
Support
Formulation
Mobile phone carriers
Issues about children to use safe and secure internet
2
◆ Because the number of children using smartphone are rapidly increasing in Japan, we
need to develop safe and secure internet environment for children to use smartphones
and SNS, regarding;
a) Illegal/harmful information
b) Inadequate use for Internet
a) Illegal/harmful information
○ browse illegal/harmful information
→ Children become
the victim of the crime
b) Inadequate use for Internet
① Overcharge
② Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ Ａｄdｉｃｔｉｏｎ
③ Bullｙing on Websites
④ Spam posting on SNS
✔ Diffusion of filtering services
✔ Certification by the independent organization
✔ Voluntary measures by SNS companies
✔ Setting upper limit of the charge of SNS services
for children users
eg. ～15yrs
～18yrs
5,000yen(≒500€)
10,000yen(≒1,000€)
✔
Distribution of awareness-raising activities
for Children with parents, teachers, local authorities,
telecommunications career, etc.
Main initiatives by MIC
3
◆For the purpose of a) Promoting improvement and diffusion of filtering services, b)
Improving ICT literacy, MIC encourages cooperation between the public and private
sectors about the use of smartphones.
a) Promoting
improvement and
diffusion of
filtering services
b) Improving
ICT literacy
○ Further information on the current
situation of filtering on smartphones
Provide users with further
information at the time of
contract/sale.
○ An environment where users can
use filtering of smartphones at the
same quality as of feature phones
Support voluntary efforts of
private sectors toward
improvement of filtering services.
○ Well informed about smartphones.
Through cooperation between the
public and private, promote
awareness-raising activities
○ Visualize the literacy of the
youths and make indicators of it.
Create internationally
coherent indicators of literacy
Filtering services in Japan
4
◆ Black-list filtering services are provided in Japan to minimize blocked websites and
applications.
Use the Internet
Filtering as Black-list
Classify websites and
applications into categories
Websites
Blocked
Applicaitons
Shown
E-mail
illegal
drug
suicide
meet-a-mate
violence
porno
back information
security
Web translation
communication
Gamble
Alcohol
For Adult
……
Shopping
prize
hobby
Be able to browse the websites and
applications which are classified into
‘Blocked’ categories, if below.
Websites and applications
which are certified by the
Independent organization
(EMA)
Websites and applications
which are allowed to be
shown individually by
parents
Shown
Visualizing children’s Literacy in safe and secure use of internet
✔ Classification of literacy that children need for addressing online risks
Based on the risk classification on the OECD report about young people protection on the Internet, the ability of
addressing risks and threats on the Internet was organized as follows.
【The literacy that young people need for addressing online risks】
１．Literacy for addressing illegal and harmful content risks on the Internet
ａ．They can understand illegal content and address the risks appropriately.
ｂ．They can understand harmful content and address the risks appropriately.
２．Literacy for communicating appropriately on the Internet
ａ．They can read information and communicate appropriately.
ｂ．They can understand the problems of e-commerce and address the risks appropriately.
ｃ．They can use the Internet with consideration for the fee and the time.
３．Literacy for privacy protection and appropriate security measures
ａ．They can protect privacy.
ｂ．They can take security measures.
✔ Operation overview of the Quiz and the questionnaire
From 2012, for first grade of high school students all over the country, we have started the multiple-choice quiz
that measures above- literacy for addressing online risks and knowledge. We had the second test this year. From
June to July, 2013, the test was carried out for about 3,500 freshmen at public and private high schools.
The number of area
Total 11
location
Special ward, etc.
Core city
the others
Kinds of school
5
9
10
total 24
National
2
Prefectural, etc. 15
Private
7
The number of people
Man
2,041
Woman 1,420
(unclear 51)
total 3,512
Average score
Man
33.3 score
Woman 34.6 score
Total 33.8 score（out of 49）
5
Categorization of Online Risks, Literacy to be required and Quiz
1. Categorization of Online Risks
Major Category
Medium Category
Sub-Category
I
Illegal & Harmful
Content Risks
A
Illegal content
Copyrights, portrait
rights, criminal threats,
dating sites, etc.
B
Harmful content
Content offensive to
public order and morality,
adults-only content, etc.
A
Inappropriate
Contact
Libel
II
Inappropriate Use
Risks
Anonymous SNS
Non-anonymous SNS
6
Literacy to be required (examples)
Knowledge
Behaviour
 Understand that not all users of nonanonymous sites have registered their real
names.
 Understand that non-anonymous sites
carry greater privacy and personal
information leakage risks than anonymous
sites.
 Understand the importance of
carefully selecting the scope to which
one reveals ones’ own information.
 Set appropriate disclosure
scopes of information.
 When contacted by someone
with whom you have no dealings
in real life, such as a friend of a
friend, respond carefully, and be
aware the said contact may
create problems.
Spam
Applications (*)
III
Privacy & Security
Risks
B
Improper
Transactions
C
Inappropriate
Usage
A
Privacy Risks
Fraud, sale of improper
products, etc.
B
Security Risks
Impersonation through
unauthorized access, etc.
Quiz (example)
Excess Internet use
What is the most appropriate action to take if you receive a message from a member
of the same sex asking to meet on a real-name SNS where people with similar
interests gather?
Over-Dependence
(1)
People sometimes falsify their identity even on real-name SNS sites, so I
should consult with my parents and not make a decision by myself.
Leakage of private
and/or personal
information,
inappropriate disclosure
(2)
Because the member has registered with a real name, I could meet them
with confidence.
Because the member is of the same sex, I could meet them with confidence.
(3)
Viruses
(4)
Because the member shares the same interests as myself, I want to ask
them various things and I would definitely meet them.
6
Making the indicator; Internet Literacy indicator for Students(ILAS)
7
General evaluation of the quiz output
✔ Average score was improved in all classification compared with Year 2012.
Literacy for addressing the risks was totally improved.
・ Same as the Year 2012, literacy for addressing illegal information (1a.) and making
consideration for the fee and the time (2c.) are relatively high.
・ Literacy for appropriate e-commerce (2b.) and security measures (3b.) are relatively low.
It is necessary to illumine weak spot continuously.
【Large Classification】
2013
2012
55%
60%
65%
70%
The number of
people
72%
71%
70%
2:Inappropriate
Use2:不適正利用
Risks
3:Privacy & Security
3:プライバシー・セキュ
Risks リティ
General
67%
1:Illegal
& Harmful
1:違法有害情報
Content Risks
67%
64%
63%
FY2012
【Middle Classification】
75%
69%
総合
total
FY2013
1a:Illegal content
risk
1b:Harmful
content risk
2a:Inappropriate
contact risk
2b:Improper
transaction risk
3,512
2,464
69%
67%
76%
75%
68%
66%
75%
72%
57%
55%
2c:Inappropriate
use risk
77%
75%
3a:Privacy risk
68%
66%
3b:Security risk
61%
59%
3b:
Security
risk
Average score
33.8 score/49 score
(about 69%/100%）
General
1a:Illegal
content risk
80
70
61%
3a:Privacy
risk
69%
76%
60
50
68%
68%
57%
2c:Inappropri
ate use risk
75%
77%
2b:Improper
transaction
risk
1b:Harmful
content
risk
2a:Inappro
priate
contact risk
2013
平成25年度
2012
平成24年度
Current Situation of Internet-Connected Devices
Possessed internet-connected devices
（multiple answers）
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
（single answer）
0%
39%
20%
60%
80%
100%
25%
84%
59%
40%
6%
携帯電話/PHS
Mobile
Phone
スマートフォン
Smartphone
75%
Smartphone
スマートフォン
48%
12%
タブレットPC
Tablet PC
6%
Tablet PC
タブレットPC
2%
1%
44%
ノートPC
Note
PC
23%
Desktop PC
デスクトップPC
24%
42%
Mobile
Game
携帯ゲーム機
41%
32%
固定ゲーム機
Console
Game
29%
1%
7%
ノートPC
Note
PC
49%
Desktop PC
デスクトップPC
Do not have
非保有
These devices
Most-used internet-connected device
17%
携帯電話/PHS
Mobile
Phone
8
平成25年度
2013
2012
平成24年度
2%
✔ More than 99％ of children possess internetconnected devices.
✔ Smartphone possessors are increased largely
(84%) compared with last FY(59％).
On the other hand, Cellular phone/PHS
possessors decrease largely(39％→17％)
13%
4%
7%
Mobile
Game
携帯ゲーム機
3%
3%
固定ゲーム機
Console
Game
2%
2%
Do not have
非保有
These devices
1%
1%
2013
平成25年度
2012
平成24年度
✔ When connecting the Internet, young people who
most use smart phone are increased largely(48％
→75％).
✔ The use of cellular phone/PHS decrease
largely(25％→6％).
Analysis of ILAS; Utilization Situation of the Internet
9
【Handling hours of different devices】
100%
9%
21%
26%
3%
21%
23%
21%
23%
24%
無回答
No Answer
80%
31%
30分未満
less
than 30mins
60%
40%
41%
38%
44%
55%
50%
48%
40%
56%
18%
20%
24%
19%
15%
17%
5%
0%
2時間以上
over
2hrs
23%
23%
Mobile
Phone スマートフォン
Smartphone
携帯電話
PHS
14%
15%
17%
Tablet PC
タブレットＰＣ
Note
PC
ノートＰＣ
Desktop PC
デスクトップＰＣ
30分～1時間
30mins–
2hrs
8%
Mobile
Game
携帯ゲーム機
19%
8%
Console Game
固定ゲーム機
【The rate that handling hours is over 2 hours】
0%
PHS
20%
14%
17%
31%
スマートフォ
Smartphone
ン
56%
47%
14%
13%
タブレットPC
Tablet PC
15%
Note
PC
ノートPC
18%
デスクトップ
Desktop
PC
PC
固定ゲーム機
Console
Game
60%
5%
携帯電話
Mobile
Phone
携帯ゲーム機
Mobile
Game
40%
17%
19%
平成25年度
2013
8%
10%
8%
11%
平成24年度
2012
✔ Mostly, average handling time is less
than 30 minutes except smart phone.
More than half(56%) of smart phone
users use over two hours.
✔ The most device users who handle
over two hours are decreased, on the
other hand, those of smart phone
users are increased largely.(47 ％
→56％）.
Analysis of ILAS; device of children’s use
10
◆ Children who mostly use smartphone have relatively lower literacy than those who
mostly use other devices.
・The highest percentage of questions is young people which often uses .
・Especially, the percentage of questions that young people only possess smart phone is low.
The percentage of questions
80%
PC
携帯電話/PHS
Mobile Phone
76%
75%
70%
73%
72%
70%
68%
）
1. 1:違法有害情報
Illegal and Harmful
information
66
）
2.2:不適正利用
Inappropriate use
64%
64%
62%
（
Only
smartphone:
%
67
（
%
General
総合
69%
69%
Only smartphone:
50%
）
%
55%
Only smartphone :
%
64 （
ゲーム機
Game
70%
67%
（
Only smart phone:
65%
60%
72%
69%
66%
スマートフォン
Smartphone
73%
58
）
3:プライバシー
3. Privacy
and Security
・セキュリティ
Users can connect to the Internet with smart phone. On the other hand,
it is important for users to improve literacy of smart phone, because they
tend to use it without risk awareness and ability to address problems.
Utilization of ILAS
Analysis of output of the Quiz
and the Questionnaire
Utilization for awareness-raising activities
in local areas
・ Literacy for the improper transaction
risks and security risks has been
continuously low.
・ 84% of first grade high school students
posses Smart phone.
However, the current ability of them to
react to online risks is relatively low.
and more
utilize
Input to global action for construction
of the literacy indicator
・ Referring to OECD Recommendation about Online
child protection（2012.2.16）,we sent an officer to
OECD’s working party and had him make a report
about ILAS in order to promote activities as OECD.
・ Cotinue activities as OECD
11
utilize
・ Awareness-raising activities that
focus on lower literacy categories
・ Expansion of activities by relevant
parties such as teachers and PTAs
recognizing the actual conditions and
problems of children’s Internet use
and more
utilize
Visualization of younger children
or parent’s literacy
・ Development of the literacy indicator for
elementary and junior high school students (by
JISPA)
・ Development of the literacy indicator for parents
and older people, and others.
Constructing cooperative frameworks in local areas
12
◆ Relevant parties should cooperate widely and distribute awareness-raising activities to
improve literacy in local area. MIC plays an central part in constructing that frameworks.
Local area
Cooperative framework in local areas
Schools
Local
government
Boards of
Education
ＰＴＡs
cooperation
Ministries
and
agencies
CAO
MEXT
METI etc.
Organizations,
NPOs,
professionals, etc.
which
actively
carry out
awareness-raising
activities
Strengthening
cooperation
Encouraging
the participation
MIC
Professionals
Teachers
Guardians
Consumer
association
Relevant business operators
(Carriers, ISPs, device makers, filtering developers,
contents or application suppliers, OS providers)
MIC’s
regional office
Organizations
carrying out
awareness
-raising
activities
Coordinate
seminar
Explanation at internak
meetings such as PTAs
Provide
materials
Children, guardians, etc.
・Coordinate or
support workshops,
seminars, etc.
・Provide
educational
materials(e.g.
pamphlet.)
The distribution of Awareness-raising activities
Japan Internet
Safety Promotion
Association
(JISPA)
Private sectors activities; JISPA
13
◆ As private sector, JISPA (Japan Internet Safety Promotion Association) aims at
a) Cooperating with companies, government, academia to develop a Safe and Secure
Internet Environment for children.
b) Holding a forum for parents and young people, to share and develop ideas regarding
improvement, especially with PTAs.
Japan Internet Safety
Promotion Association
(JISPA)
Established
February 27, 2009
<Chairman>
Mr. Masao Takahashi
<Activity area>
JAPAN
JISPA is non-profit membership organization to develop a safer Internet for young
people. It collects and publicizes information on the initiatives carried out by privatesector and local community organizations, providing a forum to share and develop ideas
regarding the improvement of the Internet use environment.
This forum aims to promote all-around media literacy to empower young people to
make full use of ICT and adults to better control such use for their well being. It also
works to support the development and widespread adoption of a self-regulatory Charter
on which private-sector companies and individuals using the Internet can base their
activities to contribute to building a safe and secure network environment for all.
Its current members include: NTT DOCOMO, KDDI, SoftBank Mobile, Fujitsu, CocaCola (Japan), McDonald's Company (Japan), Microsoft, Yahoo Japan, Google Japan,
DeNA, GREE, Mixi, academia, the media and Parent-Teacher Association.
In total 186 members ( full member:59, supporting member:35, special member: 92)
total 186
members
Promotion of social media guidelines
14
◆ The use of social media among children spreads. However, because of the ease and
convenience of social media, we easily send information about privacy such as what we
do or where we stay, without thinking about the influence and risks. It may cause a
crime or other Internet trouble.
◆ Even if we don’t intend to announce personal information, we may be identified by a
combination of information registered with social media on Internet.
“The problem of Inappropriate picture posting
take measures for junior and senior high school students " (NHK news)
September 6, 2013
The case has been increasing nationwide that a youth takes a picture in an inappropriate place like a
showcase in a shop and post it on social media as a joke. It causes a problem. The number of companies
and universities that devise original guidelines to prevent such a problem has been increasing, but in junior
and senior high school such guidelines are seldom made. So, MIC has decided to encourage schools to
devise guideline in case students use social media inappropriately.
We should let children recognize that socially unfavorable
actions are not permitted on Internet, too.
Source : NHK website