International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 4- March 2016
Investigational Analysis of NOx Reduction in
Diesel Engine by using Post Treatment Method
1,a
Shohas.H,2,b Venkatesh.P,3,cSudagar.S 4,dPugazhvadivu.M
1,2
U.G Student,3 Assistant Professor, 4Professor.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, IFET college of Engineering
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering college.
1,2,3
ABSTRACT
Diesel engine are widely used in many areas like automobiles, locomotive marine engine power generation etc. The
emission of exhaust gases such as un burnt hydrocarbon(HC), oxides of nitrogen(
), oxides of carbon (C ),
oxides of sulphur (S
), and solid particulates causing a major global warming effects and environmental hazards.
Due to these reasons many research have been carried out to control the
emission in diesel engine. The main
objective of the work is to investigate the possibility of decreasing the
in diesel engine by using post
treatment method. In this method urea and distilled water has been mixed with proper proportion as per the
normalized stoichiometric ratio (NSR), which undergoes a chemical reaction with the exhaust gas coming out from
the diesel engine. The experimental work is carried out in Mechanical loaded kirloskar diesel engine. The emission
is analyzed by the exhaust gas analyzer.
The plain chemical technology is the in
Key words: post treatment, NSR, Urea
which play a vital role in replacing the SCR method.
INTRODUCTION
The chemical which has the reducing agent has been
used to remove the NOx. Among the post and pre
Air pollution is the main factors for the global
treatment method, the pre treatment play major role
warming effect which causes health hazard problems
in the removing of NOx in the diesel engine. In this
for the humans. The emission coming out from the
article slight modification has been done in the SCR
diesel engine is the main source for causing the air
circuit in order to control the NOx emission. The
pollution to the environment. Many research works
injection of urea solution is replaced by using
has been carried out for controlling the emission from
immersing the exhaust gas into the urea solution.
the diesel engines. There are several techniques were
involved in controlling the emissions, like pre
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
treatment and post treatment processes. The pre
treatment refers to modifying in fuel addition like,
The main source to control the NOx is the
pre-combustion of fuel treatment concern the
urea solution. The urea is an organic compound with
reformulation of conventional fuels, reduced air prechemical formula (NH2) Co. Being it is colourless,
heat temperature, flue gas recirculation, etc which
odorless, neither alkaline or acidic, highly soluble in
water[3] and relatively non-toxic. Mainly this
lower the
value.The post treatment method[1]
technique will be used in SCR system. First urea
involves in destroying the
present in the
solution is sprayed over the exhaust gas coming out
exhaust gas by means of SCR(selective catalytic
from the engine. The hydrolysis of urea taken place
reduction) and plain chemical solution technology.
in order to form ammonia and carbon dioxide. Then
SCR (selective catalytic reduction) is the
ammonia reacts with NOx to form nitrogen. The
prominent technology used in the controlling of
physical properties urea solution is list in the table
1.1
in diesel engine. The SCR is comprises of
S.No
Properties
nano particles like palladium and platinum has the
1
Chemical
Formula
(NH3)2CO.7H2O
oxidizing catalyst to change[2] HC and CO into
2
Molecular
weight
60.06
harmless water and CO2.This technology has been
3
Concentration
30
widely used in automobile in order to reduce the
4
Density(15°C)
1.085kg/m3
.in SCR aqueous NH3(ammonia) or urea
5
Appearance
Colorless
solution is added to a stream of flue or exhaust gas is
6
Smell
Odorless
adsorbed.
7
Acidity
10.5
Table 1.1Properties of urea solution
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 4- March 2016
EXPERIMENTATION:
The experiments were carried out in the I.C
engine with mechanical loaded system. The
specifications of IC engine were listed in the table
1.2. The experiment was conducted at different load
condition[4] and the NOx were analyzed by using gas
analyzer. During the experimentation process urea
solution has been prepared as NSR ratio of 30% of
urea per liter of water. The solution is kept in a
separate tank as shown in the fig1.1. In this
experimentation process injection of urea solution is
replaced by immersing the exhaust gas into the urea
solution in order to achieve emission control.
Name
Specification
Make
Kirloskar
Bore
87.5mm
Stroke
110mm
Orifice Dia
0.02m
Speed
1500rpm
Comp.Ratio
16:1
Coolant
water
Table 1.2 Specifications of I.C Engines.
The following reaction has been taken place in order
to reduce the NOx.
(NH2)2 2CO + 7H2O
CO2 + 2NH3
Nitrogen oxides conversion:
4NO +4NH3+O2
6NO2 + 8NH3
After the reaction the exhaust gas is lead to the
atmosphere through the pipeline of length 200mm,
which placed at the top of the tank as shown fig 1.1&
1.2. The gas analyzer has been placed at the end of
this pipe (outlet pipe line) in order to test the
emission of the diesel engine.
Fig1.2 Setup Diagram
Result and discussion:
With different load conditions the NOx value
were analysed for no treatment and post treatment
technology [5] the results were tabulated in the
tabulation 1.3 &1.4. It indicates the lower of NOx
take place only in the post treatment technology
(Immersing the exhaust into the urea solution).
First tabulation indicates the emission test carried out
without any treatment of the exhaust gas from the
engine.
4N2+6H2O
7N2 + 12H2O
S.No
Load
Exhaust CO
temp.
Units
kW
°C
%
1
0
52
0.91
2
0.6
60
0.103
3
1.2
72
0.135
4
1.8
80
0.150
Table1.3 Without post treatment
CO2
NOx
%
2.92
4.27
5.38
6.41
PPM
1121
2087
3045
4163
The second tabulation indicates the post treatment
method by means immersing the exhaust gas into the
urea solution.
Fig1.1 Line Diagram of Tank
SETUP DESCRIBTION:
The urea solution is prepared as the NSR
ratio and it is kept inside separate tank, of length
500m.the exhaust pipeline from the engine has been
inserted into the tank at the length of 400m.the
pipeline which is inserted have been pierced about
200mm in order to reduce the pressure inside the
cylinder and also to react with the solution properly.
ISSN: 2231-5381
S.No
Load
Exhaust
CO
CO2
temp.
Units kW
°C
%
%
1
0
37
0.030 2.50
2
0.6
45
0.042 3.54
3
1.2
57
0.058 4.52
4
1.8
60
0.062 5.33
Table1.4 urea solution (post treatment)
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NOx
PPM
0558
0957
1937
2542
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 4- March 2016
CNCLUSION:
In this investigation it is analyzed that
carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides are controlled
by post treatment technology (Immersing the exhaust
gas into the urea solution) in the diesel engine the
following conclusion have been achieved. Comparing
with the normal emission in diesel engine, the NO x
emission is lowered in post treatment.
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[3] Zengying ziang, Xiaoqian Ma, Hai Lin and Yuting Tang, “ The
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[4] Lei Jiang, “ Unregulated emissions from a diesel engine
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[5]Hidekatsu Fujishima, Kenichi Takekoshi, Tomoyuki Kuroki,
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