International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 21 Number 5 – March 2015
Experimental comparative study on the mechanical properties of
hooked end steel, crimped steel and glass fiber reinforced concrete
1
Praveen Kumar Goud.E1, Praveen K.S. 22
student , Mtech, structural engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, TamilNadu, INDIA
Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM University,
Kattankulathur, 603 203, TamilNadu, INDIA
2
Abstract :
Cement concrete is the most extensively used
construction material in the world. It has been found that
different type of fibers added in specific percentage to
concrete improves the mechanical properties, durability
and serviceability of the structure. It is now established
that one of the important properties of hooked steel
,crimped steel& glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete is its
superior resistance to cracking and crack propagation. In
this paper effect of fibers on the different mechanical
properties of grade M 70 have been studied. It optimizes
1.5% for steel Fiber content and 1% for glass fiber content
by the volume of cement is used in concrete. The
percentage increase in compressive strength at 28 days for
hooked end steel fiber when compared to conventional
concrete is 7.3% , crimped steel fiber with 6.08%, glass
fiber with 4.3. The percentage increase in split tensile
strength at 28 days hooked end steel fiber when compared
to conventional concrete is 4.54% , crimped steel fiber with
3.40%, glass fiber with 2.27% and also The percentage
increase of flexural strength at 28 days for hooked end
steel fiber when compared to conventional concrete is
3.57% , crimped steel fiber with 2.380%, glass fiber with
2.140%.
Keywords :hooked end steel fibers, crimped steel fibers,
glass fibers, reinforcement, flexural, compressive ,split
tensile strengths.
1. Introduction:
Fiber Reinforced Concrete can be defined as a
composite material consisting of mixtures of cement,
mortar or concrete and discontinuous, discrete,
uniformly dispersed suitable fibers. Continuous meshes,
woven fabrics and long wires or rods are not considered
to be discrete fibers.
Fiber is a small piece of reinforcing material possessing
certain characteristics properties. They can be circular
or flat. The fiber is often described by a convenient
parameter called “aspect ratio”. The aspect ratio of the
fiber is the ratio of its length to its diameter. Typical
aspect ratio ranges from 30 to 150.
modulus of 3.62. Crushed granite stones
passing 12.5 mm and retained on 10mm and having a
fineness modulus of 6.04 were used. Crimped steel
fibres with an aspect ratio of 66 were used throughout
Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing
fibrous material which increases its structural integrity.
It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly
distributed and randomly oriented. Fibers include steel
fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers.
Within these different fibers that character of fiber
reinforced concrete changes with varying concretes,
fiber materials, geometries, distribution, orientation and
densities.
Fibre-reinforcement is mainly used in
shotcrete, but can also be used in normal concrete.
Fibre-reinforced normal concrete are mostly used for
on-ground floors and pavements, but can be considered
for a wide range of construction parts (beams, pliers,
foundations etc) either alone or with hand-tied re-bars.
Concrete reinforced with fibres (which are
usually steel, glass or “plastic” fibres) is less expensive
than hand-tied rebar, while still increasing the tensile
strength many times. Shape, dimension and length of
fibre is important. A thin and short fibre, for example
short hair-shaped glass fibre, will only be effective the
first hours after pouring the concrete (reduces cracking
while the concrete is stiffening) but will not increase the
concrete tensile strength
2. Casting of specimen:
Casting of different types of specimens by
using different fibers to increase the strength of
concrete.
2.1. Materials Used:
Ordinary Portland Cement (53 grade)
conforming to IS: 8112-1989 (BIS, 1989) was used for
the investigation along with the silica fume supplied by
Elkem micro silica and fly ash supplied by Neyveli
Lignite Corporation. The fine aggregate used was river
sand fines less than 0.125 mm and having a fineness
the study, Hooked end steel fibers with an aspect ratio
of 68.2 & glass fibers with an aspect ratio of 62.A
conplast sp 430 super plasticizer was added to the
mixes
forgetting
required
workability
2.2. Casting :
Casting of different types of specimen at 3, 7 & 28 days by using different fibers with different parameters.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 21 Number 5 – March 2015
Table 1: casting of specimen
Sl
No
1
2
3
Parameters
Compressive
strength
Split
tensile
strength
Flexural strength
Conventiona
l concrete
9 cubes
Hooked end
steel fibers
9 cubes
Crimped steel
fibers
9 cubes
Glass fibers
Age during testing
9 cubes
3days,7days,28days
9 cylinders
9 cylinders
9 cylinders
9 cylinders
3days,7days,28days
9 beams
9 beams
9 beams
9 beams
3days,7days,28days
3. Test procedure:
The tests that are conducted are as follows
3.1 Compressive strength:
It is most common test conducted on hardened
concrete as it is an easy test to perform and also most of
the desirable characteristic properties of concrete are
qualitatively related to its compressive strength. Steel
mould made of cast iron dimension 100X100X100 mm
used for casting of concrete cubes filled with hooked
end steel fibers, crimped steel fibers 1.5% by volume
of concrete and alkali resistance glass fibers, 1% by
weight of cement. The mould and its base rigidly
damped together so as to reduce leakages during
casting. The sides of the mould and base plates were
oiled before casting to prevent bonding between the
mould and concrete. The cube was then stored for 24
hours undisturbed at temperature of l8°C to 22°C and a
relative humidity of not less than 90% (IS 516-1959). It
also stated in IS 516-1959 that the load was applied
without shock and increased continuously at the rate of
approximately 140 Kg/sq cm/ min until the resistance of
specimen to the increasing loads breaks down and no
greater load can be sustained. The maximum load
applied to the specimen was then recorded as per IS:
516-1959. The testing of cube and under compression
were shown in figure 2. The compressive strength was
calculated as follows:
Compressive strength (MPa) = Failure load /
cross sectional area.
2P/πDL Where,
P = Failure Load (KN)
D = Diameter of Specimen (100 mm)
L = Length of Specimen (200 mm)
Figure 1: split tensile testing of specimens
Figure 2: compression testing of specimen
3.2 Split Tensile Strength:
The test was conducted as per IS 5816:1999
[23]. For tensile strength test, cylindrical specimens of
dimension 100 mm diameter and 200 mm length were
cast. The specimens were demoulded after 24 hours of
casting and were transferred to curing tank where in
they were allowed to cure for3, 7 and 28 days. In each
category, three cylinders were tested and their average
value was reported. The split tension test was conducted
as shown in figure 2 using digital compression machine
having 2000 KN capacity. Split tensile strength was
calculated as follows:
Spilt Tensile strength (Mpa) =
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 21 Number 5 – March 2015
10
8
6
4
2
0
3rd day
Conventional…
Hooked steel…
Crimped…
Glass fibers
3.3 Flexural Strength:
The Steel mould of size 500 x 100 x 100
mm is well tighten and oiled thoroughly. They
were allowed for curing in a curing tank for 28
days and they were tested in universal testing
machine. The test procedures were used as per IS
516-1979.
7th day
28th day
Figure 5: comparison of split tensile strength using
different fibres
Figure 3: flexure testing of specimens
4. Results and discussions:
In the compressive strength test results
the strength of conventional concrete for 3rd day is
27 (N/mm2), 7th day is 44(N/mm2) and 28th day is
69 (N/mm2), where as the strength of hooked end
steel fiber reinforced concrete for 3rd day is
31.75(N/mm2),7th day is 48(N/mm2) & 28thday is
74(N/mm2), the strength of crimped steel
3rd day
Convention…
Hooked…
Crimped…
Glass fibers
80
60
40
20
0
10
8
6
4
2
0
3rd day
7th day
28th day
7th day
28th day
Figure 4: comparison of compressive strength
using different fibres
fiber reinforced concrete for 3rd day is
29.3(N/mm2),,7th day is 46.4(N/mm2)& 28thday is
,73.2(N/mm2), the strength of glass fiber reinforced
concrete for 3rd day is 29(N/mm2),7th day is
(N/mm2) & 28thday is ,72(N/mm2).
ISSN: 2231-5381
In the split tensile strength test results the strength
of conventional concrete for 3rd day is 1.9(N/mm2)
,7th day is 5.2(N/mm2) & 28thday is 8.8 (N/mm2),
where as the strength of hooked end steel fiber
reinforced concrete for 3rd day is 2.6(N/mm2),7th
day is5.7(N/mm2)& 28thday is 9.2(N/mm2), the
strength of crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete
for 3rd day is 2.4(N/mm2) ,7th day is 5.3(N/mm2)&
28thday is 9.1(N/mm2), the strength of glass fiber
reinforced concrete for 3rd day is 2.3(N/mm2) ,7th
day is 5.5 (N/mm2) & 28thday is ,9.0(N/mm2).
Figure 6: comparison of flexure strength using
different fibres
In the flexural strength test results the strength of
conventional concrete for 3rd day is 3.7(N/mm2) ,7th
day is 6.7(N/mm2) & 28thday is ,8.5 (N/mm2),
where as the strength of hooked end steel fiber
reinforced concrete for 3rd day is 4.6(N/mm2) ,7th
dayis7.2(N/mm2) & 28thday is 8.7(N/mm2), the
strength of crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete
for 3rd day is 4.2(N/mm2) ,7th day is 6.8(N/mm2)&
28thday is 8.6(N/mm2), the strength of glass fiber
reinforced concrete for 3rd day is 4.1(N/mm2) ,7th
day is 7.0 (N/mm2)& 28thday is ,8.4(N/mm2).
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 21 Number 5 – March 2015
5. CONCLUSION:
comparision of % of
strength increases
From the above results
following point are observed:
and
comparison
compressive strength
74
73.2
72
69
Figure 7: comparison of percentage variation of
compressive strength using different fibres at
28days
In the above graph the comparison of
increasing percentage of compressive strength of
conventional concrete and hooked end steel fiber
reinforced concrete is 7.24%and conventional
concrete and crimped end steel fiber is 6.08%,
conventional concrete and glass fiber is 4.3%.
The comparison of percentage increase of
compressive strength for conventional concrete
and hooked end steel fiber reinforced concrete
at 28 days is 7.3%, conventional concrete and
crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete is
6.08%, conventional concrete and glass fiber is
4.34%.
The comparison of percentage increase of split
tensile strength for conventional concrete and
hooked end steel fiber reinforced concrete at
28 days is 4.54%, conventional concrete and
crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete is
3.40%, conventional concrete and glass fiber is
2.27%.
The comparison of percentage increase of
flexural strength for conventional concrete and
hooked end steel fiber reinforced concrete at
28 days is 3.57%, conventional concrete and
crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete is
2.380%, conventional concrete and glass fiber
is 2.140%.
comparision of % of strength
increases
6. REFERENCES:
split tensile strength
8.8
8.4
flexural strength
9.2
9.1
8.7
8.6
9
8.5
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Figure 8: comparison of percentage variation of
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different fibres at 28days
In the above graph the comparison of
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conventional concrete and glass fiber is 2.27%.
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flexural strength of conventional concrete and
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 21 Number 5 – March 2015
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