Muslims
1. Historical Context

Muhammad (570-632); Mecca; Medina; Hijra; theocracy

Islam; Muslim; Ishmael; Qur’an; hadith

Umayyad Caliphate; Byzantine and Persian (Sassanid) Empires; Berbers; Mozarabes;
dhimma; Abbasid Caliphate; Baghdad
2. Islam as an External Force

Edward W. Said, Orientalism (1978)

Seljuk Turks;  Manzikert (1071); Fatimids; Saladin (d.1193);  Hattin (1187)

Ottoman Turks;  Kosovo (1389);  Nicopolis (1396); Mehmed II; Fall of
Constantinople (1453);  Mohács (1526); siege of Vienna (1529 and 1683)

Emirate of Sicily;  Lepanto (1571); siege of Candia (1648-1669)

Reconquista; Castile; Aragon; Toledo;  Las Navas de Tolosa (1212); Fall of
Granada (1492)
3. Integration and Persecution

Ibn Jubayr (d.1217); Averroes (d.1198); devshirme; Janissaries

Américo Castro, ‘convivencia’; David Nirenberg, Communities of Violence (1996);
Almohad Caliphate; Maimonides (d.1204)

Hapsburg hegemony; Franco-Ottoman alliance (1536)

Expulsion from Sicily (1224); Emperor Frederick II (d.1250); Lucera (1300)

Ferdinand of Aragon; Isabella of Castile; expulsion of Muslims (1502); revolt in
Granada (1568-1571); expulsion of Moriscos (1609)

John Mandeville; Marco Polo

Shakespeare, Othello (1604); Robert Daborne, A Christian Turn’d Turk (1612)
Glossary
Caliph – successor to Muhammad’s leadership of Islamic theocracy
Emir – ruler of a principality (an emirate)
Imām – leader of daily prayers (not a priest)
Moor – contemporary term for Muslims of Spain, North Africa and Sicily
Mufti – Islamic scholar/jurist
Saracen – contemporary term for Muslim or Arab
Sheikh – literally ‘elder’; a leader of a community
Shi’a – literally ‘companion’; believe the caliphate should be hereditary
Sultan – sovereign ruler, equivalent to a king
Sunni – the largest denomination, who believe the caliph should be elected
Vizier – political advisor, government minister
HI266 7
SMJB 11/14