Multipoint Haptic-Enabled Abdominal Palpation Training Author: Ali Asadipour (2nd year Engineering PhD) Supervisor Prof Alan Chalmers University of Warwick Co-Supervisor: Dr Kurt Debattista University of Warwick Email: A.Asadipour@warwick.ac.uk Tel: 02476151605 (ex. 51605) Introduction How to measure it? “It is not acceptable to make mistake on patients when alternatives are available.” Kinesthetic Learning Learning takes place by students carrying out a physical activity to transform them into representative mental symbols. Framework (System Integration) Bloom’s Taxonomy Of Educational Objectives (Bloom et al., 1956) 1) Microsoft Kinect (Position, 3D Model) 2) ParsGlove – Prototype (Pressure, Orientation) Validation (Experiment 1) More hands-on trainings are compulsory in particular disciplines (AKA do-ers) Pros (+) Reduce the examination risk (+) Provides experience prior to work with patient (+) Increases frequency of rehearsals (+) Improves assessment accuracy Cons (issues to be resolved) Medical Degree (4-6 years) Foundation (2 years) GP Training (3 years) Other Specialities (5-8 years) Clinical Examination (-) Cost Efficiency (-) Accuracy and Functionality (-) Simulation Realism Future Work Methodology Physical Examination Clinical Palpation Cheap but effective method for diagnosing diseases in early stages of patient care process. Haptics R&D Phase I Phase II Hence, It is essential for students: 1) Research and design multipoint haptic interface 2) System Integrating: haptic interface, haptic API and 3D model of abdomen from data collected in phase I. Validation (Experiment 2) 1) To master these core skills early on in their education A focus group of medical students will be invited: 2) To retain them for the entirety of their medical career 3) Step 1 – training: To kinaesthetically learn how to palpate from experts. 4) Step 2 – assessment: To mimic the same palpation task (comparing palpation patterns & giving feedback). Conclusion What to measure? Patient 1) Are there enough patients? 2) Frequency of palpating real patients? 3) Lack of specific abnormalities during training period Tutors 4) Are there enough experienced tutors? 5) How accurate are the training assessments? Enhancing clinical examination training Provide technical guidance Modelling the virtual examination New Haptics-Enabled interface/applications. Spatial Hand Tracking (3D) Places of performing palpation Hand postures – Palm & Fingers Pressure Mapping Applied Forces during abdominal palpation amount & direction (Pressure) Acknowledgments: I'd like to give special thanks to: Prof Vinesh Raja for his support and supervision before his retirement Prof Neil Johnson (Pro Dean Education Professor of Medical Education)