A Comparison of Sino-British
Community Service Practices
Li Jiayu
(Janet)
21 February 2013
Introduction
Public service is an important
part of modern government
functions. It is also a core
concept of public administration
and government reform in the
21st century.
Introduction
Satisfying the growing demand
of public service, realizing the
value with high quality and
effective supply, has become
an important standard to
measure the ability of
governance and its execution.
Contents
• Overview of public services.
• Case studies of community service.
• Comparison and inspiration.
What is it?
How to do it?
What can be learnt?
What is public service?
A public facility is a service which is
provided by government to people living
within its jurisdiction, either through the
public sector or by financing private
provision of services. The term is
associated with a social consensus that
certain services should be available to
all, regardless of income.
What is public service?
Public services tend to be those
considered to be so essential to modern
life that for moral reasons their
universal provision should be
guaranteed. They may be associated
with fundamental human rights.
Essential public services are institutions
with the mission of servicing the
community. A service is helping others
with a specific need or want.
The cases of community service
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–
–
–
–
–
–
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Robin Hood Primary School;
Castle Froma Specialist Care;
Helen Ley Respite Center;
Castle Vale;
Lammas House Care Home;
St. Catherine Lodge;
Warwick District CAB;
WHACH;
St. Peter’s Center;
Brunswick Healthy Living Center.
•
Lammas
Care
Home
Case 1
Complete facilities
Professional nurses
To refine management system
To implement numerical
standard and target
.
• Lammas Care Home is
a beautiful residential
care center that is run by
the Sanctuary Care.
Sanctuary Group is a
social enterprise, a
leading national housing
and care provider, that
operates under a not-forprofit umbrella, and
reinvests its income into
developing services.
Its values
•
•
•
•
•
Long term
Not-for-profit
Quality services
Financially robust
Supporting
communities
• Resident focused
• Good governance
• Environmentally
aware
Case 2
• Brunswick Healthy Living Center
Mixed with community health center and
community living center
• To run by: a registered charity organization----a non-forprofit Co. Ltd.;
• To provide: healthy diet and life counseling, health
education training, computer training, employment
counseling, special groups (the disabled, the elderly, those
with learning difficulties) care services, and café;
• Competitive tender for Funding
• There is a contradiction between the shrinking of
funds and the increasing diversity of community demands.
Fund shortage could cause the center into being
unsustainable.
Case 3
• Warwick District Citizens Advice Bureau
CAB is one of the most famous charity institutions and
organizations of being with long history and good
reputation in the UK. There are 350 local CABs
nationally.
• Providing: free advisory services and legal aid
to help social vulnerable groups, to solve
education, medical treatment, law, housing, state
welfare benefit, employment and unemployment
relief problem;
CAB also advises on immigration and nationality
issues, and on relationship issues (families,
neighbors, etc);
• Grants from: Warwickshire county council,
Warwick district council, Warwick town council,
and royal L/SPA town council;
The problem: because this is no longer funded,
the CAB has an income of about £350,000 last
year, used to be £500,000 before, and so it leads
to cutbacks to legal aid.
Case 4
Castle Vale
Area 2.5 km2
Population 10,000
Density 4,000 /km2
Castle Vale is a housing estate
located 9 km northeast of
Birmingham city centre in England.
It has a distinctly modern
residential character
stemming from its history
as a postwar overspill
estate. It is now hailed as
an example of a successful
community-led
regeneration scheme.
The CV Housing
Action Trust, locally
known as "The HAT",
was given a 12 year
objective to remodel
and regenerate the
estate using both
publicly and privately
funded means.
Autonomy management
• A neighbourhood office,
operated by Birmingham City
Council, is open three days a week
and provides advice and deals with
enquiries from local residents.
• Community facilities were
funded and operated by Council,
trust and association.
Services:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Education
Jobs and training
Community safety
Health and care
Youth and sports
Environment
• Here, the public
services
in my
Shiquan
community
Brief Introduction of Shiquan community
3.48
square kilometers
110,000
Registered populations
50,000 migrants
26,000 elderly
24%
80 residential areas
Five community centers
Community health center
Community culture center
Community living center
Public
Service
Community justice center
Community affairs center
www.themegallery.com
Community health center
 To provide public medical
health and elderly nursing
care in community
www.themegallery.com
Community culture center
 Also known as a community
school, it is a venue for
community events.
However young and old,
Here, you
can gain
training,
learning,
recreation
and talent – show.
www.themegallery.com
Community living center
There are charity
supermarkets, the
Sunshine Family, and
elderly care homes,
to provide services
and care for special
vulnerable groups.
www.themegallery.com
Community justice center
 Jurisprudence publicity
and education
 Legal aiding and consulting
 Civil disputes mediating
 Judicial corrective help
(probation, drug addict etc.)
www.themegallery.com
Community affairs center
 There is a venue to apply for the
living subsidies and difficult
allowance, to conduct the related
formalities, such as pension
protection, medical insurance,
affordable housing.
www.themegallery.com
The Overview of Public Service in Shiquan
Shiquan has been committed to
promote welfare and to benefit residents
living there. As a remarkable example of
public service of distinction, five centers in
our community have become symbols of
the well-known government-service.
Fund :
35 million RMB per year
www.themegallery.com
Case 5
' Sunshine Family'
The ‘Sunshine Family’ is an
organization that aims at helping
people in Shiquan who have
learning difficulties. In the
Sunshine Family, the students
can get rehabilitation service,
basic work, socializing skills
and personal interest cultivation.
In the Sunshine Family, one can
only find love and respect
instead of discrimination and
prejudice.
Page
29
The Six Functions of Sunshine Family
Education
Rehabilitation
exercises
1
sunshin
e family
2
Working skill
training
4
5
6
3
Page
30
Participation in
social activities
Socializing skill
development
Hobby and interest
cultivation
Case 6
community elderly care
Shanghai endowment
service system is issued
by the Municipal
government:
9073
 90----family self-care
 7---- home-based care
 3----institutional care
Page
31
Targeted community care
For 90+7
Daycare,
Catering spot,
Playrooms.
 Door-to-door service
To provide deliver meal, medical
aid, help bath，haircut and
family safety inspection.
 Hot line service
Alarm system, psychological care
 Neighborhood mutual aid
Page
32
Institutional care
For 3
4 elderly care homes
580 beds
Over 20 million RMB
for total investment
 Estate rent ----free or low rented
 Construction allowance (25, 000
RMB for per bed)
Page
33
The Support System for
community elderly care services
1
Government support (main)
2
social organizations
3
Enterprises with social responsibility
Chinese characteristics
Find: differences
1. development stage of services
2. social consensus for participating in
community
3. system guarantees of services
Comparison 1 development stage
Grown ----Earlier
• Britain has built up perfect
public service system with a
long history; by the political
parties alternately ruling, it
still has been keeping
continuity of mechanism and
standardization of execution.
Comparison 2 social consensus
• Volunteerism (NCVO 41%)
• Creativeness (partnership between
government, enterprises and society)
Comparison 3 system guarantees
Comprehensive legal system
As top priority to legislative, all related
community services are included in
the legislative system.
Comparison 3 system guarantees
Various providers
pluralism ----unique
British community service realizes pluralism in
investment and operation, such as through local
council, charities, trust organizations, co-ops, mutual,
social enterprises, community interest company and
business groups.
Comparison 3 system guarantees
Efficient supervision
• For British public service, there is a complete
supervisory system, combined with manyinstitution and multiple level, checking up with
numerical target, realizing independent
supervision, and maintaining transparent and
open information.
Big challenge--primary stage:
• Large population (1.33billion)
•
•
Weak economic foundations (per capita)
Limit of financial and material resources
Development is top priority.
By Deng Xiaoping
Inspiration 1 -learn and consider
• We shall establish and perfect the legal system
for public services, in order to ensure and support
execution mechanism with normalization and
continuity.
---- L-precursor
mechanism
Inspiration 2 -learn and consider
• As a supplement and development of serviceindustry, community services have to be
supported and encouraged through double
levels-- industrial policy and public welfare
policy,including tax preference. It is as
advantageous to readjust the industrial structure,
and as well to develop and promote the social
undertaking.
---- I-motive
mechanism
Inspiration 3 -learn and consider
• With proper introduction of market mechanism into welfare
utilities, we should consummate diversified systems for
community service construction, investment and financing,
encouraging more social organizations and private capitals
to participate in the public facilities; stimulating more
enterprises to take more social responsibility; supporting
social enterprise, community interest company to play an
important part in the field of community service.
---- F-resource mechanism
Inspiration 4 -learn and consider
• We should implement
scientific and effective
performance evaluation,
to establish strict and
independent supervision
system for public services,
to strengthen auditing.
---- S-guarantee mechanism