CHP for Greenhouses Chris James M.Sc. P.Eng chris.james@src.sk.ca Copyright © SRC 2012 SRC AlternaMve Energy Group  Advance/commercialize clean energy technologies and renewable energy systems  Focus on Saskatchewan & Canadian markets  Provide independent tesMng for clients to make decisions as to how a technology can proceed in the market place Copyright © SRC 2012 Outline  What is Combined Heat and Power (CHP)  ApplicaMons of CHP  Benefits of CHP  Greenhouse PerspecMve  CHP Feasibility  QuesMons Copyright © SRC 2012 What is Combined Heat and Power Technology (CHP)?  CHP = Combined Heat and Power, simultaneous produc7on of heat and power;  Distributed power genera7on = electric power generaMon close to the point of end use;  Installed where there is a fuel source (natural gas, biogas, etc.) and a large annual heat demand (space heaMng, DHW, process load, etc.)  Sizes available from 1kWe to >100MWe (classified by electrical output) Copyright © SRC 2012 Examples of CHP InstallaMons (1) (2) Small Commercial Bldg 4.7 kWe (3) District HeaMng 56MWe (4) Apartment Building 75kWe Copyright © SRC 2012 ResidenMal Unit 1 kWe Photo Source: (1) www.aet‐biomass.com, (2) www.marathonengine.com, (3) www.whispergen.com, (4) www.cospp.com Types of CHP  External combusMon engines (SMrling engines) – micro scale sizes (1‐5kWe)  Internal combusMon engines (ICE) – large scale (1kWe‐5MWe)  Small to large turbines (30kWe to >500MWe)  Fuel cells – modular approach to create larger systems (1kWe to 250kWe) Copyright © SRC 2012 ApplicaMons of CHP Technologies (2) (3) Copyright © SRC 2012 Photo Source: (1) www.volkert.com, (2) www.taroMda.com, (3) www.superstock.com, (4) www.pig.edu (1) (4) Benefits of CHP Technology  GHG ReducMons (dependent on grid)  Lower energy costs  Efficient end use of heat and electricity  Reduce transmission losses, infrastructure requirements  OFF‐Grid OperaMon Copyright © SRC 2012 PotenMal Benefits Total: 159 GJ 57% efficient overall supply •  A 90% overall efficient CHP system requires roughly 37% less primary input energy. •  GHG emissions can be reduced by up to 47% of that compared to a typical system with a high efficiency boiler and coal based power producMon. Copyright © SRC 2012 Greenhouse ApplicaMons  Great ApplicaMon of CHP (Heat, power and CO2 requirements)  Netherlands has aggressively promoted CHP for greenhouse applicaMon (~3,000MWe installed)1  Economical year round operaMon possible Copyright © SRC 2012 Source: (1) Nederhoff and Houter 2008, CropHouse Ltd. Greenhouse ApplicaMons ‐ ConvenMonal Natural Gas (1) Heat ProducMon CO2 Thermal Storage Boiler (water or steam) Condensed Water Requires treatment for use Electricity from Grid Copyright © SRC 2012 Photo Source: (1) www.saskatoonboiler.com Greenhouse ApplicaMons ‐ CHP Natural Gas CatalyMc Converter (1) 180kg/MWe Heat ProducMon CO2 Thermal Storage CHP Condensed Water Requires treatment for use Electrical ProducMon Copyright © SRC 2012 Photo Source: (1) www.ge‐energy.com Excess to Grid CHP Feasibility – ComparaMve Costs 6,000 Source: www.eia.gov 5,000 $/kW (2008 USD) 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Scrubbed Coal Advanced Gas Combined Cycle Copyright © SRC 2012 Fuel Cells Geothermal ConvenMonal Hydro Wind Photovoltaic CHP CHP Feasibility – Info Required  Weather data (design and historical)  Heat load data  Price for electricity generated  Capital cost  Fuel Prices  OperaMng & Maintenance Costs  Regulatory costs?? – connecMon, approvals, etc. Copyright © SRC 2012 CHP Feasibility – Improvement Factors  CO2 UMlizaMon  High Price differenMal between fuel and electricity on an energy basis  Ability to sell electricity to the grid without limitaMon  Financial benefit associated with reduced GHG emissions Copyright © SRC 2012 CHP OpMons  Fuel Choice –  Biomass (Storage? Supply? ParMculate? Approvals?) –  Diesel (Storage? Supply? Price? ParMculate?) –  Natural Gas (Supply?)  Type of Engine System – dependent on available capital and sizing Copyright © SRC 2012 Conclusions  CHP is viable technologically and economically (dependent on geographical area)  Demonstrated in other jurisdicMons  Cleaner electrical and heat producMon than typical sources  Could be a technology to allow year round operaMon  UMliMes are looking for new generaMon opMons Copyright © SRC 2012 Copyright © SRC 2012