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out- in the. 19ä1-1985
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•.e·,··:" p~.r.~od .• temp~rE:'~uro. ,sa11n1t~,·. SDd o~geD ,.,~~~ 'snalysed... · Seaao- ".
:1 ;,' 'f8i~te~Jl~~~~~~:,~~d ,88lilli,:~, ~D~m81i~,;,we~~ t~~?,U:8t8d.: ; , '
b-" ,... ',' ~ ,: ~'..:':;'. I~ /nuJ ~~~~d 't~~t.~,tbe .t~~~erat~~e.·~tlth~ '. u?p~r.~ ~ay.er· in. 1 ~81
.,
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. :.. ":.' ... ".~. ,," ':'.
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.' .;. ',ved"·ib:1983 end 'the tirstl halt' of .1984~ These yearo. we~e charac:"
v
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. ' . , ter1zed.·by positive teiDperature anoma11es. 1985 was tho ·coldest.
I·~
.
'~. . t".·~ .. ·~~~·
;:_" ...
">:"~~.'.~
.,',"-,:',.
/~'., ~
,'.: .... .' . ,~':."'
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on~'"the chenge
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. :, :Y8srl" s8verewinter bad' agreat impaot·
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. ',:: g1cal oond1t1on8~ ..LerNer' ·temperst'ures
" :'tb'e ::~~oie' .~~.: 1'~85
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ware
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observed ~hr'oughout;
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. Water D'~lfnity, in tbo uppor
tbc tollowing threo
~.
.
.
1 '- oalin1ty decreoaet'.1n 1981 and
p01"i,odDt.
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1982; 2 - ool1n~ty 1noroooo. otter, the 1nf'lows 1n sutumn 1982
.
.
end tbc turn ot 1983/19841') '"
.
.
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w·e.re
deoreaoo' trom m1d ,- 1984 to'1 ~85. "ben minimum va lues:
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.
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oorded;' Tbeoa1inity of tbc doep 10'191' ;"88 .obOr8ot~rizod: .by
an .
.
.
,.'
1ncro080 duringthe Inflowo of 1982 end 198.3.
doore~aoin
in 1984. o1'1do oubotant1a1
.
'
sligbt .c:Iecrease
0
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•
1985.
Oxygen level in tbo upper 10yer
in. tbe.1981-1985·period
.
.
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fluctuated botween obout. 10.5
. OXyge~ .
contents
. . ."ml)1 01'146.5 mI/I..·
.
.
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in tbo d~ep loyervarled,trom yoarto',year•.·ln1981-1982 ~ntil
.
at:~beir,.riinim~,inore'aS1ngafter-"
on intlow. oxygon 1evelo were
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wordo to 2.0-6.2 mI/I. Oxygen oonditionsotter on intlow impro.
.
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ot. tbe. turn of 198.3/1984 . but tbis oituot1on did not last ..
.
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long. In 1985, oxygori lovals ronged' trom 2.8 to 4 :ml/.1~,· ,':,
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oea~onQl ~nVe~~lgatlons'"ere'
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pariod," tbe' Se'ö p'1sheries .lnstitute' oar-
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oervcd tbo 11'11'10" of Ootober';'Wovember·1982..
An extensive,
range~:.
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oondu~ted o~' ,:the re~eoroh"veB~el" "Proteoor' S1edleok1"
~ •
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'ln
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July,
'
1'981"MB1 1983, "AugustTSeptember, 1983,. Mey 1985. The uac' of
thi~ ve88'e~
mo~'e ,:it' po~oible'.tD studY' oer'tein
in tbc' Baitic
~hY8i~~-che~io~1."prooesseo' 8~~ b1~lo~ioal·'Phe~~~e'ne ot
'::
~ ~
,;
,
ri:tlme
.
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. "ben :they were 'undergoing repid..changeo'. Invostigationa wo're
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carr1ed out twice during a storm.·'1nterest1ngs recordingsof'
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ourrents be1ng' obtoined /Woje,.,6dzki' et 01. , 19ß5/.' Upwolling "
'~nd 'meso~c81e' e·dd1es'.were. iocalte~ l~iec'~~~8"'1985i:Maje~iCZ " "
'and ore'~'~lJki';'~~8'5/. ,:",~ce~'io~e8~~~.. ~os :~8rrled' o~~"d~~i,~g,'
8 perlod 'of stagnation of the deep layer·/July 1981; 'AugUst-,
sePt~mber
:19~3/.
I~ 'l4oy 198;3',,,
0 ' d'et~1ledview ,of "ater' Bt~ctU';'
.'
. . . . . .. .
.'
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re wa8 8cqu1red ofter'the inflow'ofoutumn'1982. Pinally, in·
..
May 1985 •. 8n.l ,unuBuel phenomenon ,ot s~veQt1on' of cold' w8t~r .into
••
,
•
•
•
••
t
· ,the de~p layer afte·r"·~ne ot the' most oevere' winters in the' Es 1";' ,
tlc
oboeryo,d. 'A,' total' of
W8S
"'~'~'l"',
.
55. thou~and' information
.
"·ti
~.~
"
M'~
•
uni t~
~.
•
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: /observations,' me8surements, 'snelyses, including nutrlentol waa .
•
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•
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.,.',..
. . ..' ,,:.,'":".
" collect~d. " Thanks. to oll these,
~ ~
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~
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~
Inve8tigotiDn~,.,the
-.
~
"'\'.
Polioh\:fiobe-
'~y z,~ne 'w~~ 'one of, the' :be~t 'e'xplored 8~eao "~i tbo, 'Bs-lticiri<the .
19äf-1985
'perlod~
.
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Method "
, 'Water temperature .,w8s.meooured with Japenes'e end West Ger- '
man
~~~e'rs'1ble"th'e'rmometer~ "i~~ 8naCCUr~cy,
.~iWl~h:'62j~
~
.
Ple:8aey
,
cf
o.o~oc,
a~11nometer8'wlth ~n:occuracy ci
0.0010/00..
.
".
"
\,
.
.
solinity'
'
.
- 4-
.
OXygon lovel
bY' the
detormined
WOB
'
Winkler method., rhe'date 001- '
leoted trom 'tho 'npr~tooor"Siedleoki's" cruisGs
.' ,wosprocessed by
' .
'
~.
"
meana of BtQndardpro'gra~a:s on the Elliot' 90~oomput,er.
Tho interpretot1'on ~t tbe materi~l coilect'e,d we's besed on
~;
~ \
.
station B2 !Slupsk Furroff/.
stations 'repreoonting tho ,'main 'arass ot the Polish fisbery z,one:
,
,
ototion B1-IBY';'5 /Bornholm' DcapI,
.
'
'
,
'
...
.
I
'
'
,
ototion' G2 !Gdanak 'Doep/. Par Ithos8 stations, ,meen
"
,
<.\,'
'"
.,,' "
'.
w~ter
',,'
tempe-
,
raturo ana oallnity valueo were oalouleted tor the main months
..
of' oach:.aoaoon 1n the '1958-1984 par1od. These velues' served es'
o boois tor comparloon' tri th
.1;he~81ua8'aeesured
C?n"
~pe~i~io
dateo. '
.
~.
RODulto.
Wotor
......
temperature
---~---
~'.
"In tho '1"ive-yo~r poriod trom 1981 to 1985,' weter'tempera~
ture 01" tbo'
upp~r
• f
1982,
•
'r
,~ ,'"
i;.
leyer
"8B
qui te divers1tied /Fig•. 2/. In 1,98,1- .
~
00800001 tluo~uation8 ,~lightlY
deperted
fro~
meen yalues;
l1otor tompo1"aturo was bigher in tbe 8pring-summer,seoBon.and
lowor - in the outumn-w1nter Be08on~ The . yoar 1983 wes a d1st1nc.
t1y'warmer poriod, OB woll a8 the ti,rat halt ot,1984;1985 .was . ':'
'.,
the c01doot. A charocter1stio fpature i8 the abape or anomaly
.ourv8ain·tho opon BaD erooß /Bornbolm Deop; S;l:upsk Purro.,,/.
Spring periodo may be ditJtinguished 'in
the
GdsMk Deepl th~
, higheot tomperaturo anomalios"reeob up to about
,
~oC/ev~n'ln the
.
,
o'oldeat year1985/. Thia 19 a result ot ,tbe increage in temp,ers'-,'
•,
.•
- 5 -
"
turo of tbo tbln ourfcco woter 10yo= 1n tbo upring,
tho advcct1onof water from
/~armor
+:.~
OQu~od
by
Gu1f' of Gdonok ond tho Viotulo
ot that timet.
Fig. J proae~to tho wa~or tccpereture anomaly curve for
thl0 part of thc uppor layor ubiob 10 poaitioncd dircotly obove
the bolcclino /winteruator/. Un1ike, in thc uppor near-aurfoco
•
•
port of tbc uppor laycr. nOGative
~äluoo
of thc anoma1y prodo-
minate hore in tbc t1vo-yoar otudy period. The yeor 1983 io tho
moat typiesl witb pooitiYO thermal
roault
~emporaturß anom81~oo, ~
..
of tho Inflon cf 1982 end, ot tho same tlmo, mild winter. During
tbo poricd
er
thermal cinimmJ /Fobruory-Murcb/, tho tcmperot~ro
-
of tho upper loyor rangod in 011 orooa in 1983 botwoon 2 ond 3
0
c.
In'thc Bummor cf that yeor, tbo higboot ourfooo wator tompcraturea ware ,0100 obacrvod thera for tho fiva-yöar poriodl' from
18.65°0 in tbc Bornhol~ Doop to 20.61 0 0·in tbo Gdonok Daop.
•
In thc docp iayor !Fig. 4/. until tho 1n1"100 lautumn of
1982/" negative thermal onomalioa ware mointolned'tho proviouo
in~lowo!
1980 wao an
intl~
of cold wator/. An 1ncroooe in
tomporaturo pt tho doop loyor during,tho
~nf1ow
of 1982
WOG
vl-
oible in tbo maximum pooitivo ono~a1Y lover 3 0 CI in the Bornbolm
.Doep. Ac
0
1983-1984,
reault cf thia intlo':'1 ond tbo inter-loyer Inf'lf?\"I in·
0
two-ycar poriod of inereooed dynomico of doep layor
notar ond maximum otoring of heot could bo obaorved in tbc opcn000
areoa /Btotiono B1 ond B2/. On tho other hand, wotor fl~1ing
into tho Gdonak Dccp ond coming trom intormediato loyera cf tbc
Slupok Furrow WaD olroady coolod~ In November 1984, wator witb
- 6 -
Q
.'
tocporoturo of 7.03 0 C tlrnyod:1nto thio oroa, whlch
in
tbc pooitlvo
thorcolono~~ly ot
of 1985- An 1ntorcatins
phQnoco~on
thc turn'
o~
WOD
violble
1984/beginning
usa thaadvoot1on of oold
uotar after tho winter cf 1985, oapooiolly via1ble in tbo Slupok,
FurrCri1 and tha Gdolbk Doop_
\iota%"
co11n1ty
----...... -
....
In tbo
,
c~linity
ohongoo of thc uppcr loycr, threo ohorao-
torlotio porioda c:1y bo diotlnguiohed: oolln1ty drop in 1981-1982,
oolinity inereono in 1983-1964,
00 0
rooult o.f inflo71o, ond
\
o olight drop in oolin1ty in 1985,
Da
doubt
0
rOßult of tho ar-
rootod by leo oondltiono exohange of rmtor \71 th tho ITorth Sen
/FIG-
5/.
Sa~inity
obongoa in tho doop loyor in tho f1vo-yoor period
;~
.
ttoro 01el10r to tbo ehancoo in tbo uppor Ip:;or !Fig.
'6/. !.Urii-
oum oal1nity uno oboorvod in tho poriod of otognntion /1981-1982/_
Aftor tbo.
~ti~.~n.in!l~l
of 1982,0 mozloum voluo waD rocordod
in tbo Bornho1c Doop /18_36
%
0/ in Doooobor. ond in, thc fol-
lowing montho.in oubaoquont eroao to tho oaot. Tbc next inflow
/1983/1984/ wao weck end
. roproaontod on intor-Ioyor
ofrocto
00
~oro
beot vioiblo in tbc
by obcut 2 %
S~upak Furr~
Inflo~;
ita
/oolinity inoroo-
01 ond tho Gdanok Doop /oolln1ty Inoroaoo by'
OboutO,50/oo/. Si~i1orlYt in 1985. on inoroooa in Gollnity
1700
moat pronouncod in thooo tno aronOI it waD a rooult cf Inorcaocd dynamica cf Intcrmodioto loyoro ond odvaction of cold notar.
\
•
•
--
---
-
- 7 -
.QxIg~n_l~v!l_i!!
,!h!! ,2,cE.p_l!!yor_
ChangoD in oxygon.lovol'ot tbc bottom'oorreepondod more
or 100a to oollnity changoa in thlu layor jFig~ 7/.-Aa for.back
00
19Q1,. tho oxygonntion of tho mnin arens
rolotively good
WaD
after tho two infloi'lo o~ 1979 nnd 1980. Um"lovcr, arlcady in
tIDy
..
.1ayer
1000
.
1981. c porlod of otognotion bogOll. In July, the neor-bottom
~ith
a thicknooo of 25 c in tbo Bornholm
DO~p
contoinod
oxygen thon 1 mI/I. In tbc Gd~111Dk Do.op thfs loyor
m/~
thicker /JO
T7D.O
oven
ond botton Godinento fron both areaa containod
oulphurotted h)'drogon !Piochuro, 1985/. In tho
oxygon lovel in tho oprinG ond cm::.mor of' 1982
mI/I, roopectlvoly.
Ac~ording.to
S~upok
WEH]
FurrO\'1,
0.48 and 0 .. 78
Dur ooaouromcnto, thone crorc tbo
lo"oot valuco in thio aruß in tbc oholo
25~yeor
poriod.Aftcr
tbc autumn iufIer'( of' 1982, boginning \,.,i th thc Dornholm Doep.
o gradual improvoment in o:ygo~ oituotion
,e
I
t
UO?
obacrvcd. In tho'
Dornhole Deop Dur QooourccontD /1982.12.18/ ah~od a lovel of
6.20 mI/I. Suche high oxygon lovolromainod thora for
Q
.
ohort tlmaduo to oxygonotlon procooaooi booidoo, thc
of inflow wator noo
lo~or th~n
-
oxpootod nnd it
vcry
VOlUlnO
quio~ly
undor-
"Jent trana:t"ormation. After thc noxt inflo.v Ion. :1.ntcr-loyer onol
cf 1983/1984. oxygon oonditlonD icprovod for n abort time-in
tho Bornholm und Gdanok Doopo IroQcb1ng 4 end 2 mlll, rcopoctivoly/. In tho formol"
•
01'60,
I
olroody in Moy and untl1 thc end of
tho yoor, only traoo -quonti tloo ofoxygon V10ro noted. Into thc
Gda usk Docp, already in novombor, notar :rrol:1 tho Slupak Purro':"l
wao tranoported thonka to dynom1o' procoDBoa ot the bottom and
- 8 -
.
oxygen lOTOl inareosod to 2.8 ml/l. Furthor incroaae to ovar
4 snl/l wno a rOBult ot""odvection of' cold \Toter in Moy 1985.
Conclusiono
In tbo 1981-1985 poriod~ thanka to intensive invcstigationo
of tho" Pol1oh fiohory zone, it
wOß
pOßoible to obsorvc thc moat
tt
importaDt ebangeo of"main hydrologieal charaeteriatic6, nnd quito often - tho procoDBoD roaponoible
~or
thoir nppoorancc.
Tho refJulto of these otudioo" :f'ormod n background of cnviroDoontal condit10ns whieb enablod a better undorstonding end explanation of many blo1ogical ebengea aa well
09
dovelopmont ond
trenda in flob atoako. Tbo moat vnluable rooulta ware colloctcd
in JUly' 1981 on tbo. "Profesor
Sicdleakl".
Tboy aonati tutad ma- .
,..
.
toriel tor aomperisoDa 01" reaulta in tbo tollovting ycors, ,including thoso" coming trom throo cruioos of tbc "ProfeDor Siedlecki"•
In each of those. cruioeo, intorooting mosoDcale phcnomcna or
procoQßoa were encountorod. Thla wos pOBolble tbenko to
8
donne
notwork of statio~a invoatlgatod witbin-~ ahort time Iquasioynoptlcity
of lnveotigations/.
In tho,fivo-yeor porlod
undordiscus.
.
. .
.
oion, one.of tbo most importsnt facta waa·~odoubtthQ olmost
~wo-yoar
nity
poriod 1198J-1984/·ot optimum thormal, oxygen, end sali-
condit~ona
fl~a,
end thc
for. biologicol 11fo in thc Baltio ofter tbc 1n-
exe~ptlonol
eooling "of tbo doep layor in 1985.
It appoaro from ,tbo onalyol0 of date that tbo Pollah fishery
20no io oharaeterlzed by.rolatively good onvlronmentsl eondltions
•
\
-
- 9 -
~1th
tho cxooption of tho doopoat part of thc Bornholm Deep•
.
Tbo Slupok Furr~ ~sinto1nod good oxygon oonditiona in thc whole
fivo-yoar pcriod,.uith the oxcoption cf spring and Dummor of
1982. In tho Gdonok Docp, uotor odvection proccasea fromthc
S~upnk Furrc~
/tho utrongoot in autumn of 1984 end spring of
1985/, indopendont of
•
1ntlo~D,
ware obaerved Boversl times.
Thanko to thom, Dolinity und oxygon in th1s aron ·waro. relatively
good.
Ltterotul"O
r.!ojewicz J.., Grolcwoki. A.. 1985. WYfJt~pcwanie dwukierunkowej otruk
tury ~ir~7oj rr po}udnim~ym Baatyku. Raporty MorDkiago Inotytutu Ryback1cgo 1982-1983, Wydm"lnict\"lo
l!IR, Gc.ynio.
tt
I
I.
Picchura J. 1985. Tocporaturo i zaaolenio w6d w polckiej otrofie
v~lqcznogo rybo~6w9twa w lipcu 1981 r. Froce MIR,
tom 20, Gdynio.
Wojewodzki T. 1985. Badonio oceanog!oficzno Ba~tyku ~ latoch
1946-1985. Biulotyn Morakiego Inotytutu Rybackiego,
Gdynia, nr 3-4.
Wojo~6dzki
T.. , Grülowaki A., Piechura J. 1985. Kierunoki pr~d­
kODe prqd6w w polakioj strefio Eo~tyku w lipcu
1981 r. Prooo MIR, tom 20, Gdynia.
Sb
81
30
fJO
•
•
0
55
~
•
,
~
"4
•
53
55
•
0
6~
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63
63
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.
82
79
G.tl
•
•
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1
33
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•
84
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Tl.
P0
11
jg
•
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•
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26
32
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0
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1c
25
I3
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/,5
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SO
•
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60
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7{,
o
•
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y
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•
8
o
13
20
12
21
•
24
•
o
'w
•
0
0
1ig. 1
Di8tribut1e~
er
oceanogreph1c 8empl1ng .t.t1oce io tbe
1981-1985 per1cd.
--
-
.
-
oe
2
sr 81
-J
oe
-2
3
sr .82
2
t..
-1
3
-2
62
2
.J
0
-1
_I~,.............L.'......-LI................L..l.L.-L.-11
1981
«
1
'
•
,
1982
,
t
r
,
•
~ 1..,1,,'-....-~
• .o-i''. .....- . _
.......
'""'-,+--1.~"",,-,-~
............&.-i'I
1983
'
•
198 L
,
,
,
.
,
1985
-
Fig. 2
Surface water temparatul'e anomarÜ~B /Zt!1 t
main areas of the Polish ~ishery zone
t
°e/
in the
, . "I
_>oe._
_
.... -' _..-
.
oe
3
2
sr 81
-1
oe
2
-1
-2
1981
. F1g. J
1983
198 t.
Water temperature anomalies /±At, Oe! of the upper
layer./above the halocline/ in the main areas of the
Polish fiahary zone.
-~
--
-------
-
-~
-
.
-
-
.
oe
3
2
sr 81
l
0
,I
·1
·2
oe
-3
2.
sr B2
7./1
r
0
-1
oe
-2
2
-3
~
srG2
oI------L-------L------l-::;;::=:::::::-~~;:__..J.--___::::::::_-___::_r_-'-_\_----..J
-1
-2
..J./-+I....,.................__,....'I-J..'...1-1...'..1-'...LI+1"""...1-....
' .J....-J.'-"-L..'-1.'...l.1-I.'-L-~.-"--'-...L..-l,I-'...I'--'-'
...I.-'-"'-'!~.--'--'--'--"'--'-!
......L-'-:..-"....1-...... _'--'-...L-..l--'-L-.:.-...:..-t.-l.-L-,.
198'
1982
1983
1981.
1985
-l-.......--1-'....
' "L,'
1980
Fig. 4
Tümporaturc DnO:;,31ifJG /!:.6t, °e/ Df thc dccp lnycl' in
tho nain arcuß cf thc PollGh fiohcry ~Dnß.
----
- :,-
05
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
. SI
81
o I----------i~-__,,~-----L-------l----.-;;..--...&-:!I.---~~---J
- 0.1
- 0.2
- 0.3
OJ..
-OA
0.5
0.1.
s182
03
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-01
·03
-0.1.
-OS
%0
0.5
0.1.
0.3
0.2
0.1
s162
01--~--_---iL...--------"'-.......;:'r+----J-------....l--~-------l
-0.1
-0.2
-03
1981
1985
1983
Pie. 5 Salinity anomnliea /±t1s, % 0/ of thc water Durface
in tho main arenn of the Poliah fiahery zone.
-
----------
--
---
..
'/
18
17
,
15
ST
15
81
~
VV
11,
0/00
11,
5T.82
13
Vv.
12
•
-j
I
°/"0
12
1)
j
11
~
l
sr 62
. 19a5
Pie- 6
Salinity ot tho bottcm in tbc main GreDG cf tho Polilibh
fiahory zono ..
I
rnl/ I
ST'B1
6
s
4
3
~
.
l~
2
I
,
0
ST
•
82
ST
62
6
S
l,
)
2
0
e.
l.
.
I
,~
)
2
·1
;985
'Oxygen 'level et the bottom in tbe
m~lin
1981·
Fig. 7
~'
I
1982
1983
Pollah fiehery' zone.
I
1984
ersa8 of the
.