The Hino Hybrid Truck
Experience in Australia
By – Bram van der Schaar
TRANSPORT ENVIRONMENT CHANGE
Between 2000 and 2015 the freight task will double in Australia
Photo ‒ KD Cowell & Assoc. 2005
BTRE estimates a 46% increase in Vehicle Kilometres Travelled from 2000-2020
Vehicle Population and Fleet Age
Fleet Age
Heavy Commercial Vehicle
population >3.5T:!
502,919 Vehicles!
Rigid trucks: 421,702 (83.85%)!
Articulated: 81,217 (16.14%)!
NSW
Vic
Qld
SA
WA
Tas
NT
ACT
Average:
Rigid
Artic
14.0
10.0
17.1
11.2
13.7
10.2
16.7
10.2
17.1
11.7
16.7
9.4
12.6
12.1
10.9
8.4
14.9
10.4
Source: ABS, Motor Vehicle Census Mar 2009
Vehicle Development & Fuel – Change Drivers
Energy suppliers
Customers
- Vehicle lifetime cost
- Preferences
- Profitability
Environment
- CO2
- Clean air
- Acidification
- Over-fertilization
- Noise
- Development
- Production
- Distribution
$
Technology producers
- Development
- Patents etc...
$
Availability & Security
of supply
- Market/Price instability
- Shortage
$
$
Public opinion
- Congestion
- Information
- Media
$
Government
- Visionary
- Regulations
- Tax and incentives
$
Transportation efficiency
- Good roads
- Intelligent transport systems
- Intelligent laws
Hino approach towards the ultimate Eco-Vehicle
Fuel Cell HV
Diesel HV
Gas HV
Gas
to
EnergyLiquid
Security
Biomass
Petrol HV
Emission
s
DPNR
D-4
Lean-burn
Gas
Diesel DI
VVT
EV
What is a Hybrid ?
•
A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more dis4nct power sources to propel the vehicle •
A Hybrid Vehicle has a unique advantage to recover and minimize energy losses. In the future Hybrids could u4lise: •  LPG •  Ethanol blended fuel •  Compressed Natural Gas •  Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric motor
Hybrid ECU
Diesel Engine
Battery Unit
The History of Hino Hybrid Vehicles
1989
Exhibited in
TokyoMotorShow
Transit Bus Production
3rd
Gen.
2nd
Gen.
1991
First in the World
1st
Gen.
1995
New Bus
sales begin
1994
4th
Gen.
2001
2004
BlueRibbon City
Hybrid sales begin
New Bus
sales begin
1993
2004
2001
1981
'HIMR' R&D
Begin
1997
Bus for National Park
（Nikko）
S'ELEGA R
Hybrid sales begin
（Kamikochi）
2008
New Bus
sales begin
Hi-Power sightseeing Bus
（Tateyama etc）
1993
1976
1995
Exam.
Series Hybrid
Medium-Duty Truck
sales begin
1973
New S'ELEGA Hybrid
2004
Marathon relay vehicle
1994
Ranger hybrid
2003
Electric Bus
Field exam.
2008
5th
Gen.
500 Series hybrid
2006
Garbage truck
Dutro hybrid
300 Series hybrid
Pros & Cons of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
Advantages of HEVs
•  Op4mum Engine Opera4on for Fuel Consump4on and Exhaust Emission •  Energy Recovery during Decelera4on •  Confirmed Reliability of Main Components •  No Special Infrastructure •  High Flexibility Disadvantages of HEVs
•  Weight and Cost •  No Australian government incen4ves Potential of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Emission Reduction
Energy Saving
Energy Recovery
Smaller Engine
HEV
Alternative
Fuel
CO2 Reduction
HEV has high potential as an
Environmentally Sustainable
Transport
Engine Load
Reduction
Optimum Engine
Operation
A Commitment to the Environment
•  In 2004 TNT Express made the decision to conduct a 2 year field trial of the Hino Hybrid, this was carried out in conjunc4on with the NSW Roads & Traffic Authority. At the successful end of that trial TNT Express purchased the first of its Hybrids for its delivery fleet. •  The hybrids were purchased in following with the company’s global commitment to the environment. This is paramount in TNT’s “Planet Me” global project. •  Today there is no purchase incen4ves (Tax incen4ves) to help bridge the cost differen4al between a hybrid and a conven4onal diesel truck. Real World Testing
TNT - 2 year
45,000km trial
Results 90 % less PM than a conven3onal diesel vehicle. 96% less visible pollu3on Hino Hybrid 6,500kg GVM 100 kW Diesel engine 36 kW electric Motor Real World Testing
TNT - 2 year 45,000km trial
Fuel
Consumption
-14%
CO2 Emission
Annual CO2 saving: 1,600
kg
Projected CO2 Emissions by Road Vehicles in Australia
BITRE - Greenhouse gas emissions from
Australian transport: projections to 2020
The Hybrid in Australia
•  Hino Motor Sales Australia, was the first manufacturer to offer a Hybrid commercial vehicle in Australia. •  The Hybrid was market launched in Australia late 2005, with the first deliveries in early 2006. •  To date 100 plus units have been sold. •  Even with an average fuel saving of 600 to 700 litres of fuel / year, customers s4ll find it hard to jus4fy the extra cost for the product. The Hybrid in Australia (continued)
•  The Federal Government has created the Green Car Innova4on Fund but it is not open to Commercial Vehicle manufacturers “only cars”. •  Some manufacturers have opted not to offer their hybrid product in Australia due to lack of Government incen4ves to encourage market par4cipa4on. What’s Needed?
•  Trucks are different versus passenger cars! –  Technical concept similar; business case, volumes, components & technology availability very different. –  Increased environmental benefits per truck due to annual mileage. •  Industry and fleets could benefit from; –  Support for R & D – energy storage, applica4ons. –  Enhanced commercially – focused purchase incen4ves. •  Purchase incen4ves needed, provide assistance to broader range of fuel economy and environmental benefits. –  Industry ideally need up-­‐front purchase cost reduced to encourage procurement. Congestion vs Economy & Environment Lesson’s from Japan
Average speed down from 40 to10 km/h affects on 3E
5.3 billion hours loss / Year
42 hours / person
2.5 times the
deterioration in FC
12 trillion yen / loss / Year
100 thousand yen / person
2 times the affect on
the environment
JARI – Masahiko Hori 2006.3.31 BIMS
Air Pollution Improvement Strategy in Japan
Ministry of Land, infrastructure, Transport and Tourism –
Yosaku Oda
Air Pollution Improvement Strategy in Japan
Air Pollution
Regulation
EU
USA
JPN
etc
Traffic Flow
International
Harmonization
Inspection &
Maintenance
Monitoring
Domestic measures
Vehicle Technology
Fuel Specification
Lead, Sulfur
Lower
Free
JARI – Masahiko Hori 2006.3.31 BIMS
Air Pollution Improvement Strategy in Japan
Ministry of Land, infrastructure, Transport and Tourism –
Yosaku Oda
Air Pollution Improvement Strategy in Japan
Ministry of Land, infrastructure, Transport and Tourism –
Yosaku Oda
Air Pollution Improvement Strategy in Japan
Ministry of Land, infrastructure, Transport and Tourism –
Yosaku Oda
Hybrid Vehicle Incentives in Japan
•  Due to the addi4onal components, a light duty Hybrid truck today costs approximately $10,000 AUD more than a conven4onal diesel light duty truck. •  In Japan a Hybrid vehicle investment premium is offset with both hybrid vehicle rebates and green vehicle tax breaks. Today's Situation
Hino Hybrid Summary
•  Hybrid vehicle development has been ongoing for many years and is a proven and reliable technology. •  The operator’s ini4al investment premium is a hurdle to hybrid & alternate fuelled vehicle uptake. –  Rebates & or Green incen4ves are proven to work. •  Hybrids are an effec4ve way to reduce the amount of fuel used to perform the freight task, no maker which fuel is used –  Reducing the amount of fuel used directly reduces emissions & CO2. Hino Hybrid Summary (continued)
•  Hybrids have high poten4al to reduce air pollu4on in city and global warming. •  Hybrids have the poten4al to be an intelligent vehicle for the environment. •  Weight and cost reduc4on is the challenge in near future. Thank you