Section B Marshall Islands Healthy Stores The Republic of the Marshall Islands 2 Majuro 3 Large Store in Majuro 4 Small Store in Majuro 5 Small Store Interior 6 Feeding of Children 7 Research in the Marshall Islands Pilot work in households, 1996–1998 Observational study of intra-household food allocation, 1998–1999 Home visit intervention trial, 1999–2000 Food store intervention trial, 2001 8 Percent in BMI Category, Marshallese Adults Percent in BMI category, Marshallese adults by sex (pilot) Sex Underweight (BMI < 18.5) Normal (18.5 < BMI < 25) Overweight (25 < BMI < 30) Obese (BMI > 30) Male 3.4 46.2 29.0 21.0 Female 4.1 35.4 29.2 31.3 9 Body Fat, by Age and Sex Trends in percent body fat for Marshallese men and women Female Male Source: Wellens, R. I., Roche, A. F., Khamis, H. J., et al. (1996). Relationships between the body mass index and body composition. Obesity Res, 4, 1, 35–44. 10 Undernutrition in Marshallese Children (Pilot Study) Age group, yrs. Stunted (HAZ < - SD) Low weight for age (WAZ < -2 SD) Wasted (WTHTZ < -2 SD) 1–4.9 (n = 138) 35.5 28.3 5.1 5–9.9 (n = 248) 36.3 17.3 0.8 10–18 (n = 324) 43.5 17.6 0.7 11 Marshall Islands Food Store Intervention Urban atoll only Three large stores Nine small stores Four-stage promotional period over three months in 2001 Stocking healthy alternative foods Mass media - Radio announcements, posters, newspaper ads In-store promotions - Cooking demonstrations, taste tests, shelf labels, recipe cards 12 Food Store Intervention Evaluation Stores - Sales of key foods, pre–post - Attitudes towards promoting healthy foods Customers (n = 100 pre, 185 post) - Purchase of key foods - Label reading and diabetes knowledge - Cooking practices - Exposure to program 13 Number of Different Exposures to In-Store Source (%) Format 1 or more 2 or more 3 or more 4 or more 5 or more 6 or more 7 or more 8 or more Shelf labels 42 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX Cooking demos 61 55 47 34 24 18 16 6 Recipe cards 59 56 52 48 35 26 22 20 Posters (saw) 79 74 XX XX XX XX XX XX Posters (read) 67 63 XX XX XX XX XX XX n = 185 14 Label Reading Intervention and Diabetes Knowledge Effect of exposure to the intervention on label reading and diabetes knowledge* Cognitive variable In-store exposure OR 95% CI Mass media exposure OR 95% CI Diabetesrelated knowledge 1.076 1.027–1.128 1.077 1.006–1.153 Label-reading knowledge 1.113 1.059–1.169 1.147 1.066–1.234 *Adjusted for age, sex, and education level 15 Exposure to Intervention on Healthy Purchases Effect of exposure to the intervention on purchasing of healthy foods1,2 16 Exposure to Intervention on Healthy Purchases Effect of exposure to the intervention on purchasing of healthy foods1,2 17