TABLE OF CONTENTS Personnel vi Publications and Reports ix xiii Introduction I. Physical Electronics Electron Emission Problems Thermionic Emission from a Planar Molybdenum Crystal Physical Electronics in the Solid State 1 1 3 Hall Effect in Lead-Sulfide Films 3 Surface States on Semiconductors 3 Temperature Dependence of the Resistance of Germanium P-N Junctions 4 Experimental Techniques II. 1 4 Spectral Emissivity of Tungsten 4 High-Vacuum Studies 4 Microwave Gaseous Discharges Plasma Oscillations 7 7 Nonuniform Electric Fields 10 Pulsed Breakdown 13 Magnetic Field Studies 16 Highly Ionized Microwave Plasma 17 III. Solid State Physics 20 IV. Microwave Spectroscopy 22 V. VI. Molecular-Beam Microwave Spectroscope 22 Paramagnetic Resonance 25 The Versitron 25 Micromodulator 26 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Hyperfine Structure 27 Some Interrelations of the Magnetic Sublevels of Hyperfine-Structure Lines 28 Intermediate Coupling in Nuclear Resonance Spectra 29 The Free Electron Model for Chemical Shifts 30 Microwave Electronics 31 Limiting Noise Figure of a Microwave Tube with a Beam of Finite Diameter 32 Cavity-to-Helix Coupling 36 Hollow-Beam Focusing 37 Hollow-Beam Gun Design 39 Low-Q Cavity Design 40 Multicavity Klystrons 40 CONTENTS VII. Atomic Beams Frequency Stabilization of K-Band Klystrons 50 50 VIII. Stroboscopic Research 52 IX. Frequency Modulation Studies 53 X. Statistical Communication Theory 54 Analytic Nonlinear Systems 54 Invariance of Correlation Functions under Nonlinear Transformations 61 Representation and Synthesis of Certain Linear Operators 65 Convergence Properties of Sequences of Singular Networks 70 Time-Limited and Band-Limited Functions 72 Analog Probability Density Analyzer 75 On the Synthesis of Linear Systems for Pure Transmission, Delayed Transmission, and Linear Prediction of Signals 77 XI. Process Analysis and Synthesis 101 XII. Processing and Transmission of Information 108 A New Mode of Operation for Sequential Switching Circuits 108 XIII. Transistor Circuits 112 XIV. Noise in Electron Devices 113 An Extension of the Noise Figure Definition 113 Canonical Form of a Noisy Linear n Terminal-Pair Network 117 XV. Speech Analysis 120 XVI. Mechanical Translation 121 XVII. Communications Biophysics 122 XVIII. XIX. Detection of Responses to Clicks in Awake Subjects by an Averaging Procedure 123 The Pacing of EEG Potentials of Alpha Frequency by Low Rates of Repetitive Flash in Man 127 Correlators for the Investigation of Neuroelectric Activity 130 Neurophysiology 135 Recent Work 135 Instrumentation 137 Circuit Theory 138 Some Limitations of Amplifying Devices 138 Piecewise-Linear Network Theory 143 CONTENTS XX. XXI. XXII. Network Synthesis 144 Transient Correction with All-Pass Networks 144 Geometric Interpretation of Gewertz's Stability Condition Using the Isometric Circles 146 Microwave Theory 149 The Isometric Circle Method in Analytical Form 149 Graphical Determination of the Efficiency of Bilateral, Two Terminal-Pair Networks 152 Mathematics 155 On Effective Computability 155 A New Inequality in Communication Theory 155 Valuated Algebras 156