SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK SYLLABUS COURSE NUMBER: SOWO 852.01 COURSE TITLE: PRACTICE WITH COUPLES, SPRING 2009 INSTRUCTOR: Anne Jones, MSW, PhD 563 G Tate-Turner-Kuralt 962-6537 (O) 962-7557 (Fax) (Email) annejone@email.unc.edu OFFICE HOURS: Monday 12:00 – 12:30pm, Tuesday 1:00 - 1:45pm or By appointment CLASS WEBSITE: Accessible through - https://blackboard.unc.edu/ COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is a clinical seminar, which analyzes the operations and character of couple therapy as a human service approach. OBJECTIVES: 1. To develop an understanding of the dynamics of the couple/marital relationship. 2. To understand the professional social work roles, values, and ethics associated with social work intervention specifically to couples and their families. 3. To become aware of your own values, feelings and attitudes about marriage/couple conflict and dissolution. 4. To develop and deepen skills for diagnosis of and implementation of social intervention strategies for marital or relationship difficulties or dysfunction. 5. To understand marital/relationship therapy from a variety of explanatory and practice theoretical perspectives and to develop practice skills consistent with these perspectives. 6. To understand the implications and importance of race, gender, ethnicity, class, and sexual orientation on practice with couples. 7. To understand the importance and relevance of the ecological environment and community setting on assessment and intervention with couples. REQUIRED TEXTBOOKS: -1- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples Gottman, J. (1999). The marriage clinic. A scientifically based marital therapy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. Gurman, A.S. (Ed.) (2008). Clinical handbook of couple therapy (fourth ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. These books are available at the UNC Bookstore or can be ordered on the web (e.g., www.bestbookbuys.com, or www.textbooks.com) OTHER TEXTS THAT MAY BE USEFUL: Bobes, T. & Bobes, N.S. (2005). The couple is telling you what you need to know: directed therapy in a multicultural context. New York: W.W. Norton. Couple Dattilio, F. M. & Bevilacqua, L. J. (Eds.) (2000). Comparative Treatments for Relationship Dysfunction. New York: Springer Publishing Co. Donovan, J. M. (1999). Short-term couple therapy. New York: The Guilford Press Gurman, A.S. & Jacobson, N.S. (Eds.) (2002). Clinical handbook of couple therapy (3rd Ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Halford, W.K. & Markham, H. J. (Eds.)(1997). Clinical handbook of marriage and interventions. NY: John Wiley & Sons. couples Harway, M. (2005). Handbook of couples therapy. New Jersey. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Karpel, M. (1994). Evaluating couples: A handbook for practitioners. New York: W. Weeks, Gerald R. & Treat Stephen R. (2001). Couples in Treatment: Techniques and Approaches for Effective Practice. New York: Brunner/Mazel Weeks R.G., Odell, M. & Methven, S. (2005). If only I had known…Avoiding common mistakes in couples therapy. New York: W.W. Norton. OTHER RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Chapman, G. (2004). The five love languages. Chicago: Northfield publishing. DeRamus, B. (2005). Forbidden fruit: Love stories from the undgerground railroad. New work: Atria Books. Masling, B. (1994). The angry marriage. New York: Hyperion. Prunty, M. (2006). Recipes for a perfect marriage. New York: Hyperion. (Fiction) RECOMMENDED WEBSITES: -2- Norton. SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples http://www.smartmarriages.com (Coalition for marriage, family and couple education. I higly recommend subscribing to the listsev) www.healthymarriageinfo.org (Clearinghouse for resourcesand information on healthy marriage) Please note: There are many other links related to course material under external links on class website COURSE PAK: A 852 CoursePak containing additional readings is available through e-reserves. You can access these articles through the electronic reserves web site at the library, which is found at: http://eres.lib.unc.edu/default.asp. In addition, 2 hard copies of each article are in 5th floor reading room. As a courtesy to your classmates please return them in a timely manner. EXPANDED DESCRIPTION: This class will examine the theory, practice and utilization of effective therapeutic interventions with couple relationships across the developmental life cycle of dyads. A number of theoretical approaches will be presented. The course will involve lecture, discussion, role-playing and student presentations. It is expected that students will be involved in the course through discussion, role-plays and class presentations. The course builds on knowledge and skills gained in the Foundation classes (including SOWO 500, 540, 501, 520, 521) and Social Work 802 (Family Stress, Coping, and Social Support). CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT: The development of a supportive learning environment, reflecting the values of the social work profession, is essential for the success of this class. A supportive learning environment is fostered by listening to the ideas and views of others, being able to understand and appreciate a point of view which is different from your own, articulating clearly your point of view, and linking experience to readings and assignments. I will appreciate your contributions to making this a safe and respectful class for learning and growth ASSIGNMENTS: There are two written assignments and two experiential assignments. The first written assignment involves journaling three times during the semester. The journal is 2-3 pages and involves relating course material to professional/personal experiences. Due dates are on the syllabus. The second written assignment is a final paper in which you apply one of the theoretical frameworks covered in the course to a written case that I will give you. The paper is due on the last day of class. The first experiential assignment is a role-play demonstration that is done in groups of 3 or four and which is planned out ahead of time. The other assignment is a 30 minute team presentation in which you research and present on the “best practices” for working with a particular couple’s issue or problem. A more detailed assignment description is in the handout, “Assignment Description”. BASIS FOR EVALUATION: -3- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples Attendance & participation Role-Play and handout Journal Team Presentation Final Paper 10% 25% 15% 25% 25% GRADING SYSTEM: H = 94 and above P = 80 to 93 F = 69 and below L = 70 to 79 POLICY ON INCOMPLETES & LATE ASSIGNMENTS I prefer not to give an incomplete grade and will give incompletes only in compliance with University policy. If an assignment is late (not handed in class on the due date), without prior approval the grade will be reduced 10 points. The grade will continue to be reduced for each day it continues to be late. ATTENDANCE AND CLASS PARTICIPATION: Attendance and participation is worth 10 points. Attendance and participation is required and the class will rely heavily on discussion. It is expected that students will read the material and apply and discuss readings and field experiences in class. Active listening, respect and tolerance for the views of others and a stance of curiosity will all contribute to a safe and stimulating learning environment. POLICY ON ACADEMIC DISHONESTY: Please refer to the APA Style Guide, The SSW Manual, and the SSW Writing Guide for information on attribution of quotes, plagiarism and appropriate use of assistance in preparing assignments. All written assignments should contain a signed pledge from you stating that, “I have not given or received unauthorized aid in preparing this written work.” In keeping with the UNC Honor Code, if reason exists to believe that academic dishonesty has occurred, a referral will be made to the Office of the Student Attorney General for investigation and further action as required. POLICY ON ACCOMMODATIONS FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES: Students with disabilities which affect their participation in the course may notify the instructor if they wish to have special accommodations in instructional format, examination format, etc., considered. -4- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples CLASS SCHEDULE SOWO 852.01 PRACTICE WITH COUPLES Class 1 1/13 - Overview of Course and Course Requirements Introductions Historical perspective of marital and couple therapy The landscape of couples and families today Class 2 1/20 - Marriage Promotion and Government: The Role of Values in Policy Formation and Practice with Couples Does marriage matter? The role of class and economics in the formation of families Practitioner held values and the myth of neutrality Class 3 1/27 - Developmental Transitions, the Role of Gender Interactions and Factors Associated with Successful Relationships – What the Research Shows Couples and life cycle stages Predictors for marital success and dissolution How much does gender matter? Class 4 2/3 Assessing the Couple System The transition to working systemically 7 Essential Questions Contraindications for working with a couple The use of standardized assessments JOURNAL #1 DUE Class 5 2/10 The Sound Marital House Assumptions and interventions Love Maps and Conflict Resolution Gridlocked problems Class 6 2/17 Transgenerational Systems Therapy Theoretical assumptions Goals and Interventions Strengths and limitations Applications to in-law, co-dependency and gay-lesbian issues Class 7 2/24 Cognitive Behavioral Couples Therapy (CBCT) Theoretical assumptions Goals and Interventions Strengths and limitations Applications to physical aggression and violence Class 8 3/3 Relationship Education/ Marriage Preparation & Enrichment Groups Background and history Rationale and research Primary structures -5- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples Examples of programs 3/10 SPRING BREAK – No Class Class 9 3/17 Class 9 Emotionally- Focused Therapy Theoretical Assumptions Goals and interventions Strengths and limitations Application to trauma and illness JOURNAL #2 DUE Class 10 3/24 Social Constructionism /Narrative Therapy Theoretical assumptions Goals and interventions Strengths and limitations Applications to stepfamilies Class 11 3/31 Separation, Divorce and Stepfamily Issues Therapeutic issues and interventions with separating/and divorcing couples Stepfamily life cycle and structural characteristics Best practice interventions with stepfamilies Class 12 4/7 Considerations of Sexual orientation, Race, Ethnicity and Socioeconomics in Couples Work Conceptual frameworks Life cycle and structural characteristics Common therapeutic issues and practice interventions Class 13 4/14 Infidelity and Common Problems Kinds and Patterns of infidelity Therapeutic Dilemmas Practice recommendations JOURNAL #3 DUE Class 14 4/21 Professional and Ethical Issues Some common ethical issues Components of ethical practice Reflections and Wrap-up Individual Feedback and Class Evaluations FINAL PAPER DUE BY THE 29TH -6- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples SOWO 852 READING LIST READINGS FOR CLASS 2 1/20 - THE ROLE OF VALUES IN POLICY AND PRACTICE 1. Ooms, T. (2002). Marriage and government: Strange Bedfellows? Couples and Marriage Series, 1, Washington, D.C.: Center for Law and Social Policy. http://www.clasp.org/publications/Marriage_Brief1.pdf) 2. Nock, S. L. (2005). Marriage as a public issue. Marriage and Child Wellbeing, 15(2), 12-32. http://www.futureofchildren.org/usr_doc/Marriage_vol15_no2__fall05.pdf 3. Parker, M. (2004). Who are “fragile families” and what do we know about them? Couples and Marriage Series, 1, Washington, D.C.: Center for Law and Social Policy. http://www.clasp.org/publications/Marriage_Brief4.pdf) 4. Rasberry/Reich editorials (class handout) 5. Doherty, W. (2002). Bad couples therapy: how to avoid it. Psychotherapy Networker, December. http://www.familycare4u.com/bad_couples_therapy.htm. 6. Gottman text: Chapter 1 – Myths and Mistakes of Marital Therapy. Supplemental Optional Readings: 7. Roberts, P. (2004). I can’t give you anything but love: Would poor couples with children be better off economically if they married? Couples and Marriage Series, 1, Washington, D.C.: Center for Law and Social Policy. http://www.clasp.org/publications/marr_brf_5.pdf 8. Cherlin, A. J. (2003). Should the government promote marriage? Contexts, 2(4), 22-29. 9. Huston, T, & Metz, H. (2004),The case for (promoting) marriage: The devil is in the details. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 66(4), 943-958. (Reading room, or UNC Library electronic journal, or retrieve from: http://www.blackwellsynergy.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/links/doi/10.1111/j.00222445.2004.00064.x/full/ READINGS FOR CLASS 3 1/27 – DEVELOPMENTAL AND GENDER ISSUES; FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCCESSFUL RELATIONSHIPS 1. Lindahl, K., Malik, N., & Bradbury, T. (1997). The developmental course of couples’ relationships. In W. K. Halford & H. J. Markham (Eds.) Clinical -7- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples Handbook of Marriage and Couples Interventions (pgs. 203-223). West Sussex, U.K: John Wiley & Sons. 2. Gottman text. Chapter 2 – Repair and Core Triad of Balance (pgs. 31- top of 56) Chapter 3 – The Sound Marital House: A Theory of Marriage 3. Gurman text. Chapter 23 – Gender Issues in the practice of couples therapy Supplemental Optional Readings: 4. Gottman, J. & Notarious, C. (2000). Decade review: Observing marital interaction, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(4), 927-947. 5. Tichenor, V.J. (1999). Status and income as gendered resources: the case of marital power. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(3), 638-650. 6. Sandberg, J. G. & Harper, J. M. (1999). Depression in mature marriages: Impact and implications for marital therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 25(3), 393-406. READINGS FOR CLASS 4 2/3 – ASSESSMENT WITH COUPLES 1. Gottman text. Chapter 4 – The Assessment of Marriage 2. Weeks, R. Treat S. Assessment and Case Formulation 3. Gottman text. Peruse appendixes A, B, C which contain questionnaires and assessment tools. Please bring in an assessment tool to share which reflects a problem or population that you are or would like to work with. 4. Gurman text. Chapter 16 – Couple therapy and Physical Aggression (pgs. 478486) Supplemental Optional Readings: 5. Doss, B., Atkins, D., & Christensen, A. (2003). Who’s dragging their feet? Husbands and wives seeking marital therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(2), (165-177). 6. Estrada, A. U., & Holmes, J. M. (1999). Couples perceptions of effective & ineffective ingredients of marital therapy. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 25, 151-162. 7. Beograd, M. & Medeiros, F. (1999). Battering and couples therapy: Universal screening and selection of treatment modality. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 25 (3), 291- 312. -8- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples READINGS FOR CLASS 5 2/10 - The Sound Marital House 1. Gottman text. Chapter 6 – Assumptions and Intervention Overview 2. Gottman text. Chapter 7 – Enhancing the Marital Friendship 3. Gottman text. Chapter 8 – Solving What is Solvable Supplemental Optional Readings: 4. Stith, S. M., Rosen, K. H. & McCollum, E.E. (2003). Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(3), (407 -426). 5. Shadish, W. P. & Baldwin, S. A. (2003). Meta-analysis of MFT interventions. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 20, (4), 547-570. (Skim) READINGS FOR CLASS 6 2/17 - TRANSGENERATIONAL SYSTEMS THERAPY 1. Gurman text. Chapter 7 - Transgenerational Couple Therapy 2. Meyer stein, I. (1996). A systemic approach to in-law dilemmas. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 22(4), 469-480. Choose between #s 3 and 4 3. Presto, L.A., Benson, M. J. & Protinksky, H.O. (1998). Family of origin and relationship influences on codependency, Family Process, 37, 513-528. 4. Green, R.J., Bettinger, M. & Zacks (1996). Are lesbian couples fused and gay male couples disengaged? In J. Laird & R.J. Green (Eds.) Lesbians and gays in couples and families (pgs. 185-230), San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 5. Miller, M., Anderson, S., Keala, D. (2004). Is Bowen theory valid?: A review of basic research, Journal of marital and family therapy, 30(4), 453-466). Supplemental Optional Readings: 6. Guerin, P. J., Fay, L.F., Fogarty, T.F. & Kautto, J.G. (1999). Brief marital therapy: The story of the triangles. In J. M. Donovan (Ed.) Short-term couple therapy (pgs. 103-123), New York: Guilford Press. 7. Roberto, L.(1992). Transgenerational family therapies. New York: Guilford Press. Chapter 1, Murray Bowen: Natural Systems Model (pgs. 11-20). -9- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples 8. Skowron, E. A. & Schmitt, T. A. (2003). Assessing Interpersonal Fusion: Reliability and validity of a new DSI fusion with other subscales, Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(2), (209-222). READINGS FOR CLASS 7 2/24 – COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL COUPLE THERAPY 1. Gurman text. Chapter 2, Cognitive-Behavioral Couple therapy 2. Weeks and Treat (2001). Couples in Treatment: Techniques and Approaches for Effective Practice. New York: Brunner-Routledge. Chapter 11 Communication Techniques (pgs. 136-48) Chapter 13 Cognitive Techniques (pgs. 175 -192). 3. Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Meehan, J.C., Rehman, U. & Marshall, A. D. (2002). Intimate partner violence: An interlocution to couple therapists. In A. Gurman & N. Jacobsen (Eds.) Clinical Handbook of Couple Therapy 3rd Edition, (pgs. 441-465), New York: The Guilford Press. Supplemental Optional Readings: 4. Pasley, K. (1993). Applying the social-cognitive-behavioral model to work with stepfamilies. In P. Boss, W. Doherty, R. LaRossa, W. Schumm, S. Steinmetz (Eds.) Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach (pp. 558-561), New York: Plenum Press. READINGS FOR CLASS 8 3/3 –RELATIONSHIP EDUCATION, MARRIAGE PREPARATION AND ENRICHMENT GROUPS 1. Halford, W.K. & Moore, E.N. (2002). Relationship education and the prevention of couple relationship problems, In A. Gurman & N. Jacobsen (Eds.) Clinical Handbook of Couple Therapy 3rd Edition, (pgs. 400-419), New York: The Guilford Press. 2. Stanley, S, Markham, H.J. & Jenkins, N.H. (2002). Making the case for premarital training. Family Relations, 90, 272-280. 3. Research an education/enrichment program (assignment will be handed out in class and posted on Blackboard) Supplemental Optional Readings: 4. Reardon-Anderson, J., Stagner, M., Macomber, J. & Murray, J. (2005, February). Systematic review of the impact of marriage and relationship programs (Publication # 411142). Washington, DC: Urban Institute. Retrieved June 27, 2006 from http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID-411142. -10- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples 5. Murray, C.E. & Murray, T.L. Solution-focused premarital counseling: Helping couples build a vision for their marriage, Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 30(3), 349-358. READINGS FOR CLASS 9 3/17 – EMOTIONALLY-FOCUSED THERAPY 1. Gurman text. Chapter 4. Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy. 2. Kowal, J. & Johnson, S. (2003). Chronic illness in couples: A case for emotionally focused therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(3), 299-309. 3. Johnson, S. (1998). Creating healing relationships for couples dealing with trauma: the use of emotionally focused marital therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 24(1), 25-40. Supplemental Optional Readings: 4. Johnson, S.., Makinen, J. & Millikin, J. (2001). Attachment Injuries In Couple Relationships: A New Perspective on impasses in couple therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 27, 145-155. READINGS FOR CLASS 10 3/24 –SOCIAL CONSTURCTIONSISM AND NARRATIVE THERAPY: 1. Gurman text. Chapter 8. Narrative Couple Therapy. 2. Jones, A. (2003). Reconstructing the Stepfamily: Old Myths, New Stories. Social Work, 48(2), 228-236. 3. Gottman text: Chapter 10 – Life Dreams and Shared Meaning Supplemental Optional Readings: 4. Bobes T. Bobes, N. S. (2005). The couple is telling you what you need to know: Couple directed therapy in a multicultural context. Chapter 11 Illness Narratives in Couples and Families (pgs. 119-130). 5. Blanton, P.W. & Vandergroff-Avery, M. (2001). Marital therapy and marital power: Constructing narratives of sharing relational and positional power, Contemporary Family Therapy, 23(3), 295-308.. 6. Killian, K. (2002). Dominant and marginalized discourses in interracial couples narratives: implications for family therapists. Family Process, 41(4), 603-618. 7. Zimmerman, J & Dickerson V. ((1994). Using a narrative metaphor: Implications for theory & clinical practice. Family Process, 33, 233-246. -11- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples 8. Hall, M. (2001). Beyond forever after: Narrative therapy with lesbian couples. In P. J. Kleinplatz (Ed.), New directions in sex therapy: Innovations and alternatives (pp.279-301), Philadelphia: Brunner-Routledge. READINGS FOR CLASS 11 3/31 – SEPARATION, DIVORCE AND STEPFAMILY ISSUES 1. Gurman text. Chapter 15, Separation and Divorce Issues in Couple Therapy 2. Gurman text. Chapter 17, Couple Therapy with Remarried Partners. 3. Pasley, K., Rhoden, L., Visher, E. B., & Visher, J. S. (1996). Successful stepfamily therapy: client’s perspectives. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 22(3), 343-357. Supplemental Optional Readings: 4. Oz, S. (1994). Decision making in divorce therapy: Cost-cost comparisons. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 20(1), 77-81. 5. Wang, H. & Amato, P. (2000). Predictors of divorce adjustment stressors, resources and definitions. Journal of Marriage and (the) Family, 62(3), 655672. 6. Walsh, F., Jacob, L., & Simons, V. (1995). Facilitating Healthy Divorce Processes: Therapy and Mediation Approaches. In N. Jacobsen & A. Gurman (Eds.) Clinical Handbook of Couple Therapy 2nd Edition (340-365), New York: The Guilford Press. READINGS FOR CLASS 12 4/7 – DIVERSITY CONSIDERATIONS 1. Gurman text. Chapter 24, Gay and Lesbian Couples in Therapy: Minority Stress, Relational Ambiguity, and Families of Choice. 2. Markowitz, L. (1997). The cultural context of intimacy. Family Therapy Networker, 21(5), 51-58. 3. Handy, K. & Laszloffy, T. (2002). Couple therapy using a multicultural perspective. In A. Gurman & N. Jacobsen (Eds.) Clinical Handbook of Couple Therapy 3rd Edition, (pgs. 569-593), New York: The Guilford Press. 4. Edin, K. & Reed, J (2005). Why don’t they just get married? Barriers to marriage among the disadvantaged. Marriage and Child Welfare, 15(2),117-137. Supplemental Optional Readings: -12- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples 5. Bean, R. A., Perry, B. J., & Bedell, T. M. (2001). Developing culturally competent marriage and family therapists: Guidelines for working with Hispanic families. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 27(1), 43-54. 6. Falicov, C.J. (1995). Cross-Cultural Marriages. In N. Jacobsen & A. Gurman (Eds.) Clinical Handbook of Couple Therapy (212-226), New York: The Guilford Press. 7. Oropesa, R.S. & Landale, N. S. (2004). The future of marriage and Hispanics. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 66, 901-920. 8. Bepko, C. & Johnson, T. (2000). Gay and lesbian couples in therapy: Perspectives for the contemporary family therapist. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 26(4), 409-419. 9. Connolly, C. (2005). Lesbian couples: stressors, strengths, and therapeutic implications, Family Therapy Magazine, 4(6), 12-15. 10. Patterson, D. (2005). Gay male couples: Challenges & possibilities, Family Therapy Magazine, 4(6), 16-19. 11. Carl, D. (1997). Counseling same sex couples. In R. Baird & S. Rosenbaum (Eds.) Same-sex marriage: The moral and legal debate (pgs. 44-54), Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. READINGS FOR CLASS 13 4/14– THE CRISIS OF INFEDILITY AND OTHER SEXUAL ISSUES 1. Gurman text. Chapter 14. Couple therapy and the Treatment of Affairs 2. Imber-Black, E. (2000). The new triangle: Couples and technology. In P. Papp (Ed). Couples on the faultline. (pp. 48- 62). NY: Guildford Press. 3. Gurman text. Chapter 21. Couple therapy and the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction. Supplemental Optional Readings: 4. McCarthy, B. (1999). The non-sexual marriage: Assessing viability. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 25, 227-236. 5. Gordon, K.C. & Baucom, D.H. (1998), Understanding Betrayals in Marriage: A Synthesized Model of Forgiveness, Family Process, 37, 425-439. READINGS FOR CLASS 14 4/21 – ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL CONSIDERATONS 1. Gurman text: Chapter 26 Legal and Ethical Issues in Couple Therapy. -13- SOWO 852 SW Practice with Couples 2. Baltimore, M. (2000). Ethical considerations in the use of technology for marriage and family counselors. Family-Journal-Counseling-and-Therapy-for-Couplesand-Families, 8(4), 390-393. 3. Patten, C., Barnett, T., & Houlihan, D. (1991). Ethics in marital and family therapy: A review of the literature. Professional psychology: Research and practice, 22, 171-175. -14-